Search results for "MUCOSA"
showing 10 items of 1066 documents
Innate immunity repairs gut lining
2015
It emerges that innate immune cells called group 3 innate lymphoid cells signal directly to intestinal stem cells to promote the replacement of damaged epithelial cells lining the gut. See Letter p.560 The cellular signals supporting normal epithelial intestine maintenance through regulation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) activity are well characterized, but the signals involved in the regulation of the ISC compartment after damage are still unclear. Alan Hanash and colleagues have found that innate lymphoid cells produce interleukin-22 (IL-22) after injury to increase the growth of mouse intestinal organoids. They further show that recombinant IL-22 promotes ISC expansion in both human and …
Cytotoxic effect of As(III) in Caco-2 cells and evaluation of its human intestinal permeability.
2005
Inorganic arsenic has been classified as a carcinogen for humans (Group I). However, its transit across the human intestinal epithelium has not been characterized. Using Caco-2 cells, the thiol-redox balance and apparent permeability coefficients (P(app)) for As(III) in the apical to basolateral (AP-BL) and basolateral to apical (BL-AP) direction were evaluated. After As(III) exposure, GSH-induced synthesis was observed, increasing the GSH/GSSG ratio by elevating the As(III) concentration. The AP-BL permeabilities decreased as the As(III) concentrations increased, indicating the existence of a mediated transport mechanism. The (BL-AP)/(AP-BL) permeability ratios were higher than unity, sugg…
Keratin 7 expression as an early marker of reflux-related columnar mucosa without intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus
2009
BACKGROUND: The role of Barrett esophagus in carcinogenesis is widely accepted, but the significance of esophageal columnar mucosa without histological intestinal metaplasia, known as columnar-lined esophagus, is debated. MATERIAL/METHODS: We studied 128 patients free of Helicobacter pylori with reflux-related symptoms and columnar mucosa in the esophagus at endoscopy, 106 patients with Barrett esophagus (referred to as the Barrett group) and 22 patients without intestinal metaplasia (columnar group). Samples from 20 subjects free of H. pylori were used as controls. Immunostaining for keratin 7 (KRT7), keratin 20 (KRT20), caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2), mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming …
Early-stage small-bowel adenocarcinoma: a review of local endoscopic therapy.
2005
Early adenocarcinomas in the small intestine are a rare entity. Most adenocarcinomas in the small intestine are diagnosed at a more advanced stage. After surgical resection, only 3 - 10 % are found in stage T1 and 0 - 3 % in stage Tis (high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia), resulting in an overall 3 - 13 % rate of early-stage small-intestinal adenocarcinomas. The diagnosis of early small-intestinal carcinoma by endoscopy is still very rare, although it will probably improve with the development of new endoscopic techniques. At present there have been only two studies and a few case reports on the treatment of early duodenal carcinoma by endoscopic resection. No major complications such as m…
Gastric cancer in autoimmune gastritis: A case-control study from the German centers of the staR project on gastric cancer research
2020
Objectives Patients with autoimmune gastritis (AIG) are reported to have an increased risk of developing gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we assess the characteristics and outcomes of GC patients with AIG in a multicenter case-control study. Methods Between April 2013 and May 2017, patients with GC, including cancers of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) Siewert type II and III, were recruited. Patients with histological characteristics of AIG were identified and matched in a 1:2 fashion for age and gender to GC patients with no AIG. Presenting symptoms were documented using a self-administered questionnaire. Results Histological assessment of gastric mucosa was available for 572/759 GC …
Bioadhesive Matrix Tablets Loaded with Lipophilic Nanoparticles as Vehicles for Drugs for Periodontitis Treatment: Development and Characterization
2019
Periodontitis treatment is usually focused on the reduction or eradication of periodontal pathogens using antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria, such as metronidazole (MTR). Moreover, recently the correlation between periodontal diseases and overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) led to the introduction of antioxidant biomolecules in therapy. In this work, bioadhesive buccal tablets, consisting of a hydrophilic matrix loaded with metronidazole and lipophilic nanoparticles as a vehicle of curcumin, were developed. Curcumin (CUR)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were prepared using glycyrrhetic acid, hexadecanol, isopropyl palmitate and Tween®
Thymus essential oil extraction, characterization and incorporation in phospholipid vesicles for the antioxidant/antibacterial treatment of oral cavi…
2018
The aim of the work was to extract, characterize, and formulate Thymus capitatus (Tymbra capitata) essential oil in phospholipid vesicles: liposomes, glycerosomes and Penetration Enhancer-containing Vesicles (PEVs). The steam-distilled essential oil was mainly composed of carvacrol. The oil was mixed with lecithin and water to produce liposomes, or different ratios of water/glycerol or water/propylene glycol (PG) to produce glycerosomes and PG-PEVs, respectively. Cryo-TEM showed the formation of unilamellar, spherical vesicles, and light scattering disclosed that their size increased in the presence of glycerol or PG, which improved long-term stability. The formulations were highly biocompa…
Carbon ions and X‑rays induce pro‑inflammatory effects in 3D oral mucosa models with and without PBMCs.
2014
Oral mucositis is a severe complication of radiotherapy. Hence, it may constitute a serious medical safety risk for astronauts during extended space flights, such as missions to Mars, during which they are exposed to heavy-ion irradiation. For risk assessment of developing radiation-induced mucositis, a three-dimensional (3D) organotypic oral mucosa model was irradiated with 12C heavy ions or X‑rays. The present study focused mainly on early radiation‑induced effects, such as the activation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and the expression or release of pro-inflammatory marker molecules. The 3D oral mucosa models with or without peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were irradiated with X…
Medium-term Culture of Normal Human Oral Mucosa: A Novel Three-dimensional Model to Study the Effectiveness of Drugs Administration
2012
Tissue-engineered oral mucosal equivalents have been developed for in vitro studies for a few years now. However, the usefulness of currently available models is still limited by many factors, mainly the lack of a physiological extracellular matrix (ECM) and the use of cell populations that do not reflect the properly differentiated cytotypes of the mucosa of the oral cavity. For this reason, we have developed a novel three-dimensional culture model reflecting the normal architecture of the human oral mucosa, with the main aim of creating a better in vitro model where to test cellular responses to drugs administration. This novel 3D cell culture model (3D outgrowth) was set up using an arti…