Search results for "Multigene"
showing 10 items of 145 documents
Evolutionary and transcriptional analyses of a pentraxin-like component family involved in the LPS inflammatory response of Ciona robusta
2020
Pentraxins (PTXs) are a superfamily of conserved proteins which are components of the humoral arm of innate immunity. They are considered to be functional ancestors of antibodies and are classified into short and long types. In this study, we show that a pentraxin-like component (Ptx-like) with a C-terminal PTX domain, highly homologous to the short PTX of H. sapiens CRP, and a long N-terminal domain typical of long PTXs, is involved in the inflammatory response of Ciona robusta under LPS exposure in vivo. Analyses of protein domains as well as 3D modelling and phylogenetic tree supported the close relationship of Ptx-like with mammalian CRP, suggesting that C. robusta Ptx-like shares a com…
Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal 2 and 4 Family Members of Cytochromes P450 (CYP) Involved in LPS Inflammatory Response in Pharynx of Ciona robusta
2021
Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of most endogenous and exogenous agents. The expression of each CYP is influenced by a unique combination of mechanisms and factors including genetic polymorphisms, induction by xenobiotics, and regulation by cytokines and hormones. In recent years, Ciona robusta, one of the closest living relatives of vertebrates, has become a model in various fields of biology, in particular for studying inflammatory response. Using an in vivo LPS exposure strategy, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and qRT-PCR combined with bioinformatics and in silico analyses, compared whole pharynx transcripts from naïve and LPS-exposed C. robusta…
Incomplete sequence homogenization in 45S rDNA multigene families: intermixed IGS heterogeneity within the single NOR locus of the polyploid species …
2014
† Background and Aims Ribosomal sequences have become the classical example of the genomic homogenization of nuclear multigene families. Despite theoretical advantages and modelling predictions that support concerted evolution of the 45S rDNA, several reports have found intragenomic polymorphisms. However, the origins and causes of these rDNA polymorphisms are difficult to assess because seed plants show a wide range of 45S rDNA loci number variation, especially in polyploids. Medicago arborea is a tetraploid species that has a single 45S rDNA locus. This feature makes this species a suitable case study to assess the fate of ribosomal IGS homogenization in polyploid species showing nucleolu…
Characterization of three different clusters of 18S-26S ribosomal DNA genes in the sea urchin P. lividus: Genetic and epigenetic regulation synchrono…
2015
We previously reported the characterization 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clusters in the common sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and demonstrated the presence of DNA methylation-dependent silencing of embryo specific 5S rDNA cluster in adult tissue. In this work, we show genetic and epigenetic characterization of 18S-26S rDNA clusters in this specie. The results indicate the presence of three different 18S-26S rDNA clusters with different Non-Transcribed Spacer (NTS) regions that have different chromosomal localizations. Moreover, we show that the two largest clusters are hyper-methylated in the promoter-containing NTS regions in adult tissues, as in the 5S rDNA. These findings demonstrate an an…
Histidine kinases mediate differentiation, stress response, and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae.
2014
The aim of this study is a functional characterization of 10 putative histidine kinases (HIKs)-encoding genes in the phytopathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Two HIKs were found to be required for pathogenicity in the fungus. It was found that the mutant strains ΔMohik5 and ΔMohik8 show abnormal conidial morphology and furthermore ΔMohik5 is unable to form appressoria. Both HIKs MoHik5p and MoHik8p appear to be essential for pathogenicity since the mutants fail to infect rice plants. MoSln1p and MoHik1p were previously reported to be components of the HOG pathway in M. oryzae. The ΔMosln1 mutant is more susceptible to salt stress compared to ΔMohik1, whereas ΔMohik1 appears to be stronger…
A model species for agricultural pest genomics: the genome of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
2018
AbstractThe Colorado potato beetle is one of the most challenging agricultural pests to manage. It has shown a spectacular ability to adapt to a variety of solanaceaeous plants and variable climates during its global invasion, and, notably, to rapidly evolve insecticide resistance. To examine evidence of rapid evolutionary change, and to understand the genetic basis of herbivory and insecticide resistance, we tested for structural and functional genomic changes relative to other arthropod species using genome sequencing, transcriptomics, and community annotation. Two factors that might facilitate rapid evolutionary change include transposable elements, which comprise at least 17% of the gen…
Evolution of sex chromosomes: dosage compensation of the Lcp1-4 gene cluster on the evolving neo-X chromosome in Drosophila miranda.
2007
In Drosophila miranda the small multigene family of the larval cuticle protein (Lcp1-4) genes resides on the evolving neo-X and neo-Y sex chromosome pair while in the sibling species Drosophila pseudoobscura and Drosophila persimilis the gene cluster is inherited autosomally. The neo-Y chromosomal Lcp1, Lcp2 and Lcp4 genes are, as previously shown by us, not expressed and only Lcp3 is expressed at a strongly reduced level. As a first step in understanding the evolutionary mechanism(s) transforming an autosome into a dosage compensated X we analysed the expression behaviour and promoter structure of the Lcp1-4 genes on the neo-X. The normalized relative expression levels reveal that all four…
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis subtype- and sex-specific associations with genetic variants in the PSMA6/PSMC6/PSMA3 gene cluster.
2014
BackgroundThe ubiquitin proteasome system plays an exceptional biological role in the antigen processing and immune response and it could potentially be involved in pathogenesis of many immunity-related diseases, including juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsThe PSMB5 (rs11543947), PSMA6 (rs2277460, rs1048990), PSMC6 (rs2295826, rs2295827), and PSMA3 (rs2348071) proteasomal genes were genotyped on JIA subtype- and sex-specific association; plasma proteasome levels was measured in patients having risk and protective four-locus genotypes and eventual functional significance of allele substitutions was evaluated in silico.ResultsLoci rs11543947 and rs1048990 were identified as disease n…
Androglobin: a chimeric globin in metazoans that is preferentially expressed in mammalian testes
2012
Abstract: Comparative genomic studies have led to the recent identification of several novel globin types in the Metazoa. They have revealed a surprising evolutionary diversity of functions beyond the familiar O2 supply roles of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Here we report the discovery of a hitherto unrecognized family of proteins with a unique modular architecture, possessing an N-terminal calpain-like domain, an internal, circular permuted globin domain, and an IQ calmodulin-binding motif. Putative orthologs are present in the genomes of many metazoan taxa, including vertebrates. The calpain-like region is homologous to the catalytic domain II of the large subunit of human calpain-7. The glo…
Sequence of a novel cytochrome CYP2B cDNA coding for a protein which is expressed in a sebaceous gland, but not in the liver
1992
The major phenobarbital-inducible rat hepatic cytochromes P-450, CYP2B1 and CYP2B2, are the paradigmatic members of a cytochrome P-450 gene subfamily that contains at least seven additional members. Specific oligonucleotide probes for these genomic members of the CYP2B subfamily were used to assess their tissue-specific expression. In Northern-blot analysis a probe specific to gene 4 (which is designated now as CYP2B12) hybridized to a single mRNA present in the preputial gland, an organ which is used as a model for sebaceous glands, but did not hybridize to mRNA isolated from the liver or from five other tissues of untreated or Aroclor 1254-treated rats. The cDNA sequence for the CYP2B12 R…