Search results for "NEUROSCIENCE"
showing 10 items of 8040 documents
Amygdaloid projections to the ventral striatum in mice: direct and indirect chemosensory inputs to the brain reward system
2011
Rodents constitute good models for studying the neural basis of socio-sexual behaviour. Recent findings in mice have revealed the molecular identity of the some pheromonal molecules triggering intersexual attraction. However, the neural pathways mediating this basic socio-sexual behaviour remain elusive. Since previous work indicates that the dopaminergic tegmento-striatal pathway is not involved in pheromone reward, the present report explores alternative pathways linking the vomeronasal system with the tegmento-striatal system (the limbic basal ganglia) by means of tract-tracing experiments studying direct and indirect projections from the chemosensory amygdala to the ventral striato-pall…
Numerical Magnitude Affects Accuracy but Not Precision of Temporal Judgments
2021
A Theory of Magnitude (ATOM) suggests that space, time, and quantities are processed through a generalized magnitude system. ATOM posits that task-irrelevant magnitudes interfere with the processing of task-relevant magnitudes as all the magnitudes are processed by a common system. Many behavioral and neuroimaging studies have found support in favor of a common magnitude processing system. However, it is largely unknown whether such cross-domain monotonic mapping arises from a change in the accuracy of the magnitude judgments or results from changes in precision of the processing of magnitude. Therefore, in the present study, we examined whether large numerical magnitude affects temporal ac…
A common biological basis of obesity and nicotine addiction
2013
Contains fulltext : 128630.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Smoking influences body weight such that smokers weigh less than non-smokers and smoking cessation often leads to weight increase. The relationship between body weight and smoking is partly explained by the effect of nicotine on appetite and metabolism. However, the brain reward system is involved in the control of the intake of both food and tobacco. We evaluated the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting body mass index (BMI) on smoking behavior, and tested the 32 SNPs identified in a meta-analysis for association with two smoking phenotypes, smoking initiation (SI) and the number of cigarettes smoked …
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Mechanisms in Young Obese Subjects
2020
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and imbalance between its sympathetic and parasympathetic components are important factors contributing to the initiation and progression of many cardiovascular disorders related to obesity. The results on respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) magnitude changes as a parasympathetic index were not straightforward in previous studies on young obese subjects. Considering the potentially unbalanced ANS regulation with impaired parasympathetic control in obese patients, the aim of this study was to compare the relative contribution of baroreflex and non-baroreflex (central) mechanisms to the origin of RSA in obese vs. control subjects. To this end, we applied…
The Louder, the Longer: Object Length Perception Is Influenced by Loudness, but Not by Pitch
2019
Sound by itself can be a reliable source of information about an object&rsquo
Pourquoi j'ai encore faim ?
2019
Comment les sensations de faim et de satiété sont produites par notre cerveau ? Quelle zone de notre cerveau va s’activer aux horaires des repas et sur la base de quelles stimulations ? À travers quelques exemples, Alexandre Benani illustrera l’importance du dialogue entre nos organes et notre cerveau dans l’élaboration de ces sensations.
Système olfactif et neurobiologie
2006
Les connaissances neurobiologiques sur l’odorat progressent désormais rapidement depuis la découverte des récepteurs des odorants, remarquables par leur grand nombre et leur diversité. Des réponses sont maintenant apportées aux questions posées par les propriétés originales de la perception olfactive dont beaucoup sont déterminées dès le niveau de l’organe olfactif, et sont fortement déterminées par la génétique. Les connaissances génétiques sur les récepteurs dévoilent une considérable réduction du nombre de gènes olfactifs fonctionnels dans l’espèce humaine et alimentent une réflexion sur l’évolution de l’odorat. Autre avancée riche de promesses : l’application à l’olfaction des méthodes …
Kísérlet egy összehasonlító vizsgálatra : a nyelvi tájkép dél-szlovákiai, székelyföldi és kárpátaljai falvakban
2017
A tanulmany hat falu nyelvi tajkepenek altalanos jellemzeset adja, es az eredmenyeket osszehasonlitja egyreszt egymassal, masreszt korabbi, az altalanos nyelvi helyzetet osszefoglalo munkakkal. Egy-egy olyan del-szlovakiai, szekelyfoldi es karpataljai falu kerul bemutatasra, ahol a telepulesen beluli szobeli kommunikacio nyelve egyontetűen a magyar, illetve egy-egy olyan falu, melyet szobeli ketnyelvűseg jellemez. A tanulmany masodik resze a felirattipusokat, ezek ketnyelvűseget elemzi. Vegul osszehasonlitjuk az eredmenyeket azzal az altalanos keppel, amit egyeb szociolingvisztikai kutatasok alapjan alkothatunk az adott regiokban elő magyarok nyelvhasznalatarol. Kulcsszavak: nyelvi tajkep, …
The odour of human milk: Its chemical variability and detection by newborns
2019
International audience; Human milk odour has for long elicited research interest with regard to its function in breastfeeding initiation. The present review aims to provide an overview of the behavioural effects of human milk odour in the human neonate, considering different types of response measures in a feeding or non-feeding context. Further, an overview of the current knowledge of odorant composition and factors influencing milk odour is provided by summarizing results from analytical studies using olfactometry, and addressing changes in milk odour due to storage, lactational stage, and maternal dietary intake of odorous substances. We finally highlight some issues for future research.
Developing an open science mindset.
2022
Background: Identification of widespread biases present in reported research findings in many scientific disciplines, including psychology, such as failures to replicate and the likely extensive application of questionable research practices, has raised serious concerns over the reliability and trustworthiness of scientific research. This has led to the development of, and advocacy for, ‘open science’ practices, including data, materials, analysis, and output sharing, pre-registration of study predictions and analysis plans, and increased access to published research findings. Implementation of such practices has been enthusiastic in some quarters, but literacy in, and adoption of, these pr…