Search results for "Neural cell"
showing 10 items of 97 documents
Activation of oligodendroglial Fyn kinase enhances translation of mRNAs transported in hnRNP A2-dependent RNA granules.
2008
Central nervous system myelination requires the synthesis of large amounts of myelin basic protein (MBP) at the axon–glia contact site. MBP messenger RNA (mRNA) is transported in RNA granules to oligodendroglial processes in a translationally silenced state. This process is regulated by the trans-acting factor heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2 binding to the cis-acting A2 response element (A2RE). Release of this repression of MBP mRNA translation is thus essential for myelination. Mice deficient in the Src family tyrosine kinase Fyn are hypomyelinated and contain reduced levels of MBP. Here, we identify hnRNP A2 as a target of activated Fyn in oligodendrocytes. We show that…
Immunohistochemical localization of polysialic acid in tissue sections: differential binding to polynucleotides and DNA of a murine IgG and a human I…
1990
For immunolocalization of alpha(2-8)-linked polysialic acid, which forms part of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), two monoclonal antibodies, MAb735 and IgMNOV, were employed. Both antibodies have previously been shown to bind the extremely low immunogenic capsular polysaccharide of group B meningococci, which also consists of alpha(2-8) polysialic acid, but not to other, even closely related forms of polysialic acid. Despite the identical polysaccharide specificity of these two MAb, we observed marked differences of the staining pattern in tissue sections. We showed that these differences in immunostaining were due to the crossreactivity of IgMNOV with polynucleotides and DNA. MA…
Expression Profile of Stress Proteins, Intermediate Filaments, and Adhesion Molecules in Experimentally Denervated and Reinnervated Rat Facial Muscle
1997
The immunohistochemical profiles of ubiquitin, heat shock protein 70, alpha-B-crystallin, desmin, vimentin, neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), and tenascin in rat facial muscle were studied after permanent denervation by transection of the facial plexus on one side and compared with findings after immediate reinnervation by hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis subsequent to transection on the contralateral side. Levator labii muscle samples were collected sequentially at 2, 6, 7, 10, 20, and 24 weeks after surgery. Normal levator labii muscle fibers showed physiological expression of desmin and alpha-B-crystallin. Denervated rat facial muscle displayed distinct up-regulation of ubiquiti…
Soluble E-Selectin Enhances Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) Expression in Human Tumor Cell Lines
1998
E-selectin mediates neovascularization via its soluble form, while its membrane-bound form initiates binding of tumor cells to vascular endothelium. Therefore, it was studied whether soluble E-selectin regulates further adhesion molecules on tumor cells. In tumor cells but not in related nonmalignant cells, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression was strikingly increased from 5 to 68% positive cells by in vitro inoculation of a recombinant E-selectin-IgG1 within 24 h, as analyzed by flow cytometry. The absence of changes in the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule, integrin ligands (CD11a, CD18, integrin alpha 4), and sialyl-Lewis X indicates a specific effect of solubl…
Human papillomavirus infection requires cell surface heparan sulfate.
2001
ABSTRACT Using pseudoinfection of cell lines, we demonstrate that cell surface heparan sulfate is required for infection by human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) and HPV-33 pseudovirions. Pseudoinfection was inhibited by heparin but not dermatan or chondroitin sulfate, reduced by reducing the level of surface sulfation, and abolished by heparinase treatment. Carboxy-terminally deleted HPV-33 virus-like particles still bound efficiently to heparin. The kinetics of postattachment neutralization by antiserum or heparin indicated that pseudovirions were shifted on the cell surface from a heparin-sensitive into a heparin-resistant mode of binding, possibly involving a secondary receptor. Alpha-6…
Expression of cell adhesion molecules in inflammatory myopathies.
1995
We examined the expression of cell adhesion molecules in 25 cases of inflammatory myopathies. Inflammatory myopathies showed upregulation of adhesion molecules. ICAM-1 was strongly expressed on endothelial cells as well as on fibroblasts and infiltrating leukocytes while the expression of VCAM-1, similar in its distribution, was much weaker. A few muscle fibers in polymyositis revealed sarcolemmal labeling for ICAM-1. ELAM-1 showed only weak expression on vessels. The inflammatory cellular infiltrates contained varying amounts of cells bearing the VCAM-1 ligand VLA-4 and the ELAM-1 ligand SLeX as well as large amounts of cells expressing LFA-1 alpha and beta, ligands of ICAM-1.
The art of forging neurons: direct reprogramming of somatic cells into induced neuronal cells
2013
Abstract Cellular reprogramming has shed new light on the plasticity of terminally differentiated cells and unearthed novel strategies for cell-based therapies to treat neurological disorders. With accumulating knowledge of the programs underlying the genesis of the distinct neural cell types, particularly the identification of crucial transcription factors and microRNAs, reprogramming of somatic cells of different origins into induced neuronal cells or neural stem cells has been successfully achieved. Starting with the general concept of reprogramming, we discuss three different paradigms: (1) direct conversion of central nervous system (CNS) foreign cells such as skin fibroblasts in…
Plasticity Molecule Reveals Interneuronal Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease
2017
PSA-NCAM is expressed in immature, but not recently generated, neurons in the adult cat cerebral cortex layer II
2011
Neuronal production persists during adulthood in the dentate gyrus and the olfactory bulb, where substantial numbers of immature neurons can be found. These cells can also be found in the paleocortex layer II of adult rodents, but in this case most of them have been generated during embryogenesis. Recent reports have described the presence of similar cells, with a wider distribution, in the cerebral cortex of adult cats and primates and have suggested that they may develop into interneurons. The objective of this study is to verify this hypothesis and to explore the origin of these immature neurons in adult cats. We have analyzed their distribution using immunohistochemical analysis of the …
Calretinin/PSA-NCAM immunoreactive granule cells after hippocampal damage produced by kainic acid and DEDTC treatment in mouse.
2003
There is a dramatic increase in the number of lightly immunoreactive calretinin cells in the granular layer of the dentate gyrus of the mouse hippocampus 1 day after excitotoxic injury using kainic acid combined with the zinc chelator diethyldithiocarbamate. At 7 days after treatment, these cells are strongly immunoreactive for calretinin and for the polysialated form of the glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM). The reexpression of calretinin and PSA-NCAM after treatment corresponds well with the loss of input from the damaged hilar mossy cells. These cells could be considered immature granule cells since they are immunoreactive to markers for immature cells such as PSA-NCA…