Search results for "Neuronal"
showing 10 items of 556 documents
Photo-inhibition of Ab fibrillation mediated by a newly designed fluorinated oxadiazole
2015
Uncontrolled aggregation of amyloid beta peptide (A?) is the main cause of Alzheimer's Disease. Therapeutic approaches of intervention in amyloid diseases include the use of small molecules able to stabilize the soluble A? conformation, or to redirect the amyloidogenic pathway towards non-toxic and non-fibrillar states. Fluorometric measurements revealed that the 3-(4'-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole, when irradiated, is able to interact with monomeric A? peptide readdressing the aggregation pathway toward the formation of amorphous aggregates as evidenced by means of CD, AFM, and SAXS measurements. We hypothesize that this compound, under radiation, forms a rea…
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase
2007
Neuronal nitric oxides synthase (nNOS; also referred to as NOS1 or NOS I) is a low-output enzyme that is primarily expressed in neurons. Like eNOS, it is a low-output NOS whose activity is regulated by Ca++ and calmodulin, and that produces NO in a pulsatile fashion. nNOS has a widespread distribution in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In addition, nNOS mRNA transcripts and/or protein have also been detected in non-neuronal cell types, such as rhabdomyocytes, epithelial cells, mast cells, and neutrophils …
The Significance of Low O2-Tensi0ns in the Brain Cortex for Occurrence of Metabolic Alterations under Critical Flow Conditions
1985
A reduction in the 02 supply to the brain cortex leads to O2 deficiency and curtailment of neuronal metabolism and function as soon as a minimal cellular O2 tension of 0.1 – 1 mmHG (13 – 133 Pa) can no longer be maintained (Chance et al., 1964; Grote 1967). The hypoxia-induced metabolic alterations are characterized by decreased tissue levels of the energy-rich phosphate compounds PCr and ATP. In addition, elevated concentrations of lactate, pyruvate and NADH and an increase in the lactate/pyruvate ratio and in the NADH/NAD+ ratio are to be expected (Duffy et al., 1972; Granholm and Siesjo 1969; Granholm et al., 1969; Granholm and Siesjo 1971; Grote 1978; Grote and Schubert 1982; Norberg an…
Estudio de la conectividad de los circuitos neuronales del bulbo olfatorio de los primates. Comparación de individuos control con casos de Parkinson
2015
La enfermedad de Parkinson es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa multisistémica que afecta al sistema nervioso central y periférico. Caracterizada por la degeneración selectiva de la neuronas dopaminérgicas de la sustancia negra pars compacta (SNpc), se englobada dentro de las llamadas α-sinucleinopatías. El sello distintivo de esta patología es la propagación de agregados proteicos patológicos de α-sinucleína, en forma de cuerpos y neuritas de Lewy, a lo largo de todo el sistema nervioso. La sintomatología con la que cursa esta enfermedad puede clasificarse en dos grandes categorías: síntomas no motores o pre-clínicos y síntomas motores o clínicos. Cronológicamente, los primeros anteceden a …
Influencia de la estimulación eléctrica del Núcleo Incertus sobre la actividad del circuito hipocampo-amígdala- prefrontal
2023
El núcleo incertus (NI), sensible al estrés y parte del sistema reticular activador ascendente, proyecta a las principales estructuras implicadas en la generación y modulación del ritmo theta hipocámpico, por lo que ha sido relacionado con la respuesta al estrés y procesos cognitivos. El hipocampo, implicado en el aprendizaje y la memoria, presenta un gradiente dorsoventral conectivo y funcional. La región dorsal participa en la navegación espacial y las porciones ventral e intermedia se han asociado con respuestas emocionales y con el valor motivacional. Estudios previos han demostrado el papel regulador del NI sobre la actividad theta de hipocampo dorsal, pero se desconoce su papel sobre …
Neuronal Growth and Behavioral Alterations in Mice Deficient for the Psychiatric Disease-Associated Negr1 Gene
2018
Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule subgroup IgLON, has been implicated in neuronal growth and connectivity. In addition, genetic variants in or near the NEGR1 locus have been associated with obesity and more recently with learning difficulties, intellectual disability and psychiatric disorders. However, experimental evidence is lacking to support a possible link between NEGR1, neuronal growth and behavioral abnormalities. Initial expression analysis of NEGR1 mRNA in C57Bl/6 wildtype (WT) mice by in situ hybridization demonstrated marked expression in the entorhinal cortex (EC) and dentate granule cells. In co-cultures of co…
Neuronal Growth and Behavioral Alterations in Mice Deficient for the Psychiatric Disease-Associated
2017
Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule subgroup IgLON, has been implicated in neuronal growth and connectivity. In addition, genetic variants in or near the NEGR1 locus have been associated with obesity and more recently with learning difficulties, intellectual disability and psychiatric disorders. However, experimental evidence is lacking to support a possible link between NEGR1, neuronal growth and behavioral abnormalities. Initial expression analysis of NEGR1 mRNA in C57Bl/6 wildtype (WT) mice by in situ hybridization demonstrated marked expression in the entorhinal cortex (EC) and dentate granule cells. In co-cultures of co…
B and T lymphocytes are affected in lysosomal disorders--an immunoelectron microscopic study.
1991
Circulating lymphocytes of four patients with mucopolysaccharidoses II and IIIA, four patients with juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, one patient each with glycogenosis type II, infantile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, and Gaucher disease were classified by immunoelectron microscopy as B or T lymphocytes. Disease-specific lysosomal inclusions as well as non-specific lysosomal organelles, especially Gall bodies were identified in B and T lymphocytes. These non-quantitative studies indicate that both B and T lymphocytes participate in the lysosomal storage process.
Neuronal structural plasticity in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex: regulation by Dopamine and PSA-NCAM
2011
Although there is a decline in brain plasticity across lifespan, neurons in certain areas of the adult brain retain the ability to undergo synaptic, dendritic and spine remodeling in response to different stimuli. This neuronal structural plasticity seems to be the basis for many cognitive processes and it is crucial for adaptive responses to aversive experiences and recovery from brain damage and disease. Among the numerous candidate molecules that have been identified for mediating this neuronal remodeling, cell adhesion molecules and, specially, the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), are of particular interest. The addition of polysialic acid (PSA) to the NCAM is critical for the stru…
Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake in Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder
2019
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) play a central role in neuronal growth and in the development of the human brain, and a deficiency of these substances has been reported in children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). In this regard, supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is used as adjuvant therapy in ADHD. Seafood, particularly fish, and some types of nuts are the main dietary sources of such fatty acids in the Spanish diet. In order to assess the effect of the intake of common foods containing high amounts of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a food frequency questionnaire was administered to parents of children with ADHD (N = …