Search results for "Normal"
showing 10 items of 2571 documents
Evidence of low land surface thermal infrared emissivity in the presence of dry vegetation
2007
International audience; Land surface emissivity in the thermal infrared usually increases when the vegetation amount increases, reaching values that are larger than 0.98. During an experiment in Morocco over dry barley crops, it was found that emissivity may be significantly lower than 0.98 at full cover and that in some situations, it might decrease with increasing amount of vegetation, which was unexpected. Older data acquired in Barrax, Spain, over senescent barley also exhibited emissivity values lower than 0.98. The decrease of emissivity was also observed by means of Simulations done with our land surface emissivity model developed earlier. The main reason for such behavior might be f…
Diurnal and Seasonal Solar Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthesis in a Boreal Scots Pine Canopy
2019
Solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence has been shown to be increasingly an useful proxy for the estimation of gross primary productivity (GPP), at a range of spatial scales. Here, we explore the seasonality in a continuous time series of canopy solar induced fluorescence (hereafter SiF) and its relation to canopy gross primary production (GPP), canopy light use efficiency (LUE), and direct estimates of leaf level photochemical efficiency in an evergreen canopy. SiF was calculated using infilling in two bands from the incoming and reflected radiance using a pair of Ocean Optics USB2000+ spectrometers operated in a dual field of view mode, sampling at a 30 min time step using custom written …
High-resolution UAV imagery for field olive (Olea europaea L.) phenotyping
2021
Remote sensing techniques based on images acquired from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) could represent an effective tool to speed up the data acquisition process in phenotyping trials and, consequently, to reduce the time and cost of the field work. In this study, we assessed the ability of a UAV equipped with RGB-NIR cameras in highlighting differences in geometrical and spectral canopy characteristics between eight olive cultivars planted at different planting distances in a hedgerow olive orchard. The relationships between measured and estimated canopy height, projected canopy area and canopy volume were linear regardless of the different cultivars and planting distances (RMSE of 0.12 m…
Assessing Canopy PRI for Water Stress detection with Diurnal Airborne Imagery
2008
Soil Moisture Experiments 2004 (SMEX04) Special Issue
Remote sensing of sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and reflectance of Scots pine in the boreal forest during spring recovery
2005
A measurement campaign to assess the feasibility of remote sensing of sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) from a coniferous canopy was conducted in a boreal forest study site (Finland). A Passive Multi-wavelength Fluorescence Detector (PMFD) sensor, developed in the LURE laboratory, was used to obtain simultaneous measurements of ChlF in the oxygen absorption bands, at 687 and 760 nm, and a reflectance index, the PRI (Physiological Reflectance Index), for a month during spring recovery. When these data were compared with active fluorescence measurements performed on needles they revealed the same trend. During sunny days fluorescence and reflectance signals were found to be str…
Impact of high-fat diet on antioxidant status, vascular wall thickening and cardiac function in adult female LDLR<sup>–/–</sup> mice
2012
International audience; Background: Western diet, rich in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We thus investigated in female mice the influence of this diet on plasma antioxidant status, vascular wall thickening and cardiac function. Methods and Results: Adult female C57BL/6J wild type (WT) and LDLR–/– mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 17 weeks. HFD induced an increase in plasma lipids and vitamin C (Vit C) levels in both groups but at a much higher level in LDLR–/– and a decrease in plasma ascorbyl free radical levels to Vit C ratio (an endogenous oxidative stress index) in LDLR–/–. We only found a slight decr…
May the force be with you: Transfer of healthy mitochondria from stem cells to stroke cells
2018
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in the United States and around the world with limited therapeutic option. Here, we discuss the critical role of mitochondria in stem cell-mediated rescue of stroke brain by highlighting the concept that deleting the mitochondria from stem cells abolishes the cells’ regenerative potency. The application of innovative approaches entailing generation of mitochondria-voided stem cells as well as pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial function may elucidate the mechanism underlying transfer of healthy mitochondria to ischemic cells, thereby providing key insights in the pathology and treatment of stroke and other brain disorders plagued with…
Sex differences in early carotid atherosclerosis (from the community-based Gutenberg-Heart Study).
2010
The objectives of this study were to describe gender differences in intima-media thickness (IMT) in a community-based population study and to define normal IMT values for healthy men and women. In total, 4,814 participants (aged 35 to 74 years; 2,433 men, 2,381 women) from the Gutenberg-Heart Study (GHS) were included. IMT was measured at both common carotid arteries using an edge detection system. Median IMT was 0.62 mm (25th percentile 0.55, 75th percentile 0.70) in women and 0.65 mm (25th percentile 0.57, 75th percentile 0.75) in men and was significantly associated with age (p0.0001). On multivariate analysis, advanced age, smoking, and arterial hypertension were positively associated w…
Effects of a progressive aquatic resistance exercise program on the biochemical composition and morphology of cartilage in women with mild knee osteo…
2013
Background Symptoms associated with osteoarthritis of the knee result in decreased function, loss of working capacity and extensive social and medical costs. There is a need to investigate and develop effective interventions to minimise the impact of and even prevent the progression of osteoarthritis. Aquatic exercise has been shown to be effective at reducing the impact of osteoarthritis. The purpose of this article is to describe the rationale, design and intervention of a study investigating the effect of an aquatic resistance exercise intervention on cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis. Methods A minimum of 80 volunteers who meet the inclusion criteria will b…
Particularismes i populismes als països de llengua catalana
2020
[cat] L'article analitza breument l'ampla varietat de conceptes de populisme en la política actual. Aquesta anàlisi intenta mostrar com el populisme ha donat suport als particularismes lingüístics a València i a Mallorca. Aquests particularismes (anomenats blaverisme a València, i gonellisme a Mallorca) no reconeixen la unitat de la comunitat lingüística catalana, i per tant amenacen la recuperació social (normalització) de la llengua catalana.