Search results for "Notation"
showing 10 items of 317 documents
Position coding effects in a 2D scenario: the case of musical notation.
2013
How does the cognitive system encode the location of objects in a visual scene? In the past decade, this question has attracted much attention in the field of visual-word recognition (e.g., "jugde" is perceptually very close to "judge"). Letter transposition effects have been explained in terms of perceptual uncertainty or shared "open bigrams". In the present study, we focus on note position coding in music reading (i.e., a 2D scenario). The usual way to display music is the staff (i.e., a set of 5 horizontal lines and their resultant 4 spaces). When reading musical notation, it is critical to identify not only each note (temporal duration), but also its pitch (y-axis) and its temporal seq…
Compatibility of the Different Tuning Systems in an Orchestra
2009
Focusing on the daily practice of musicians, we give flexibility to the mathematical treatment of musical notes, tuning systems and the relations between them. This allows us to connect the theory and the practice of music. Using the techniques of fuzzy logic, we describe the concepts with fuzzy sets and introduce the α-compatibility as a degree of interchangeability between tuning systems. To show how our proposal works, we use a fragment of Haydn and analyze the compatibility of the notes taken from 48 recordings for the tuning systems of Pythagoras, Zarlino and Equal Temperament of 12 notes.
Mercury$$^\mathrm{\textregistered }$$: A Software Based on Fuzzy Clustering for Computer-Assisted Composition
2019
We present Mercury, a new software for computer-assisted composition based on fuzzy clustering algorithms. This software is able to generate a big number of transitions between any two different melodies, harmonic progressions or rhythmical patterns. Mercury works with symbolic music notation. The software is, therefore, able to read music and to export the generated musical production into MusicXML format. This paper focusses on some theoretical aspects of the CFT algorithm implemented in the software in order to create those complete transitions, overviewing not only the structure of the program but the user’s interface and its music notation module. Finally, the wide variety of compositi…
Fuzzy logic helps to integrate music theory and practice
2010
Among the many practices of composers, instrumentalists and singers which clearly correspond with fuzzy logic our focus here is on tuning. Different criteria have been used to select the sounds that music uses. A set containing these sounds (musical notes) is called a tuning system. Several tuning systems coexist in a classical orchestra. The pitches of the notes are different and very precisely defined for each system; however the consequences of small deviations from these theoretical frequencies are not serious. Actually, the orchestra members are aware of the necessity of reaching a consensus and adjust their instruments to tune well. Because of this, many musicians feel that the mathem…
Preliminary study of coach verbal behaviour according to game actions
2012
Guzman JF, Calpe-Gomez V. Preliminary study of coach verbal behaviour according to game actions. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 376-382, 2012. The aim of this study was to analyse the interaction between game actions in high-level handball and verbal behaviour performed by the coach. For this purpose, a match of the 1 st National Division of male Spanish handball was analysed. The type of behaviour and the content of the message reported by the coach were recorded using a modified version of Coaching Behaviour Assessment System (CBAS) and Coach Analysis and Intervention System (CAIS). About game actions, they were grouped into positive and negative. Statistically significant differ…
Natural Language Inference in Ordinary and Support Verb Constructions
2020
The family of clause types known as 'support (or 'light') verb construction' (SVC) manifests a peculiar syntax-semantics interface if compared with ordinary verb constructions (OVC). If, in e.g. She laughed, the verb licenses an argument and assigns it a semantic role, syntacticians of every stripe nowadays agree that it is the noun laugh, in She gave a laugh, which fulfils the same function. The differences between the two types have been extensively discussed in the linguistics literature (systematic research started in the 1970s), less so in Computational Linguistics. This paper has two objectives. First, it will propose an innovative type of semantic role, which is termed Cognate Semant…
La loterie des notes au bac : un réexamen de l'arbitraire de la notation des élèves
2008
La question de la notation à l'école n'est pas récente, les nombreuses études réalisées sur ce thème mettent toutes en évidence l'incertitude de la mesure des performances scolaires des élèves par les notes et les divers biais associés à cette pratique évaluative. Dans ce texte, il s'agit simplement de témoigner à nouveau du caractère aléatoire de la notation sur la base d'une expérimentation mobilisant des données récentes. A l'heure où l'on s'interroge en France sur les procédures d'évaluation et de certification des élèves, notamment au niveau du baccalauréat, une analyse réalisée sur des données actuelles ne peut qu'alimenter la réflexion sur la pertinence des évaluations certificatives…
GRAPH-BASED RULES FOR XML DATA CONVERSION TO OWL ONTOLOGY
2010
International audience; The paper presents a flexible method to enrich and populate an existing OWL ontology from XML data based on graph-based rules. These rules are defined in order to populate automatically a new version of an OWL ontology. Today, most of data exchanged between information systems is done with the help of the XML document. Leading researches in the domain of database systems are moving to semantic model in order to store data and its semantics definition. This flexible method consists in populating an existing OWL ontology from XML data. In paper we present such a method based on the definition of a graph which represents rules that drive the populating process.
Statistical analysis when dealing with astigmatism: assessment of different spherocylindrical notations.
2001
Ophthalmic epidemiological studies frequently deal with ocular refractive errors, which are commonly expressed in the form sphere/cylinder x axis. However, this representation has been shown not to be the most suitable one for performing statistical analysis. Although alternative analytical and graphic methods to represent this kind of data have been developed, these formalisms have often gone unnoticed by researchers, despite their usefulness and versatility. Besides, there has been no discussion of how each of them fits in with a particular type of study. In this paper, several mathematical representations of dioptric power are revisited in a comprehensive way. The aim is to encourage res…
The kinetics of defect accumulation under irradiation: many-particle effects
1993
The kinetics of Frenkel defect accumulation under permanent particle source (irradiation) is discussed with special emphasis on many-particle effects. Defect accumulation is restricted by their diffusion and annihilation, A + B → 0, if the relative distance is less than the critical distance r0. A novel formalism of many-point particle densities based on Kirkwood's superposition approximation is developed to take into account aggregation of similar defects (A−A, B−B). The dependence of the saturation concentration after a prolonged irradiation upon spatial dimension ( = 1, 2, 3), defect mobility and the initial correlation within geminate pairs is analyzed. It is shown that the defect conce…