Search results for "ODS"
showing 10 items of 5812 documents
Realizacja zasady równości w zakresie dostępu do dóbr kultury narodowej
2021
Celem niniejszego tekstu jest udowodnienie, że art. 6 ust. 1 jest przepisem wskazującym na szczegółową dziedzinę, w której zastosowanie ma zasada równości wyrażona w treści art. 32 i 33 Konstytucji RP. Aby tego dowieźć, wyjaśniono, jak równość odnosi się do zakresu podmiotów uprawnionych do tego, aby im upowszechniać i udostępniać dobra kultury narodowej. Udowodnione zostało również, że odniesienie równości do upowszechniania i udostępniania dóbr kultury narodowej wymaga zastosowania uprzywilejowania wyrównawczego wynikającego z przesłanek faktycznych, a nie tylko prawnych. Przy okazji tak zakrojonych badań wykazane zostało również, że art. 6 ust. 1 jest także konkretyzacją art. 5 in fine o…
Cooperación condicional y tercer sector
2000
The following paper analyzes the problem of social cooperation in the provision of a public good from an evolutionary perspective. To this end we depart from behavioral programs as the basic building block for modeling individuals in the social interaction, which is based on a generalized prisoners dilemma. In it, a population of individuals follow a conditional cooperative program, which some authors refer as to morality, and that we will show that is equivalent to the application of the principle of reciprocity. It will be shown that the degree of cooperation, that is the individual contribution toward the provision of the public good, is positive although sub-optimal. Finally, if we comp…
Effets de quartier, effet de département : discrimination liée au lieu de résidence et accès à l'emploi
2013
L’objet de cette étude est de mesurer la discrimination à l’embauche à l’encontre des jeunes en Ile-de-France en raison du lieu de résidence en considérant plusieurs échelles spatiales de façon à distinguer l’effet de la réputation du département (Paris et la Seine-Saint-Denis), celui de la localité et celui du quartier. L’évaluation est réalisée sur données expérimentales auto-construites de testing selon un protocole permettant d’examiner les effets propres à chacune de ces trois échelles sur l’accès à l’emploi ainsi que leurs effets cumulés. On s’intéresse aux discriminations pour deux professions en tension du secteur de la restauration pour laquelle les discriminations devraient a prio…
Reciprocity, matching and conditional cooperation in two public goods games
2005
Previous experimental and empirical evidence has identified social preferences in the voluntary provision of public goods. A number of competing models of such preferences have been proposed. We provide evidence for one model of behavior in these games, reciprocity (or matching, or conditional cooperation). Consistent with previous research, we find that participants in the voluntary contribution mechanism attempt to match the contributions of others in their group. We also examine participants in a related game with different equilibria, the weakest-link mechanism. Here, in contrast, participants contribute so as to match the minimum contribution of others in their group.
An experimental analysis of team production in networks
2010
Experimental and empirical evidence highlights the role of networks on social outcomes. In this paper we test the properties of exogenously fixed networks in team production. Subjects make the same decisions in a team-work environment under four different organizational networks: The line, the circle, the star, and the complete network. In all the networks, links make information available to neighbors. This design allows us to analyze decisions across networks and a variety of subjects’ types in a standard linear team production game. Contribution levels differ significantly across networks and the star is the most efficient incomplete one. Moreover, our results suggest that subjects act a…
El sector no lucrativo desde el enfoque de la elección pública: Cuando la oferta no lucrativa de bienes públicos es el resultado de decisiones emanad…
2001
The voluntary supply of collective goods by nonprofit institutions has deserved little attention in the Public Choice literature, and the clasical nonprofits approach does not consider nonprofits supply as a collective decision, although individuals, either as consumers or as donors, are in the center of their theoretical constructs. In this paper we hypothesize that voluntary nonprofits' provision is a collective choice. We present a model in which the members of a community, both those who fund the nonprofits and those who do not (free riders) vote, so choosing between a political program of governmental supply and a political program of non governmental supply. Afterward, they must also …
Kuntien johtoryhmien kertomuksia työuupumuksesta
2021
Burnout Narratives of Municipal Management Teams.This study aims to gain an understanding of personal experiences of burnout phenomenon among members of municipal management teams. Fourteen managers were interviewed. Four types of burnout narratives were iden-tified: denier, persevering, recovered and de-fender. These data were analysed using Labov & Walezky’s model of the structural types of narra-tive clauses. The analysis reveals similarities and differences of burnout experiences within each of the identified narrative types. Particularly, the study explores the role of workplace community in burnout recovery.
Towards explainable interactive multiobjective optimization : R-XIMO
2022
AbstractIn interactive multiobjective optimization methods, the preferences of a decision maker are incorporated in a solution process to find solutions of interest for problems with multiple conflicting objectives. Since multiple solutions exist for these problems with various trade-offs, preferences are crucial to identify the best solution(s). However, it is not necessarily clear to the decision maker how the preferences lead to particular solutions and, by introducing explanations to interactive multiobjective optimization methods, we promote a novel paradigm of explainable interactive multiobjective optimization. As a proof of concept, we introduce a new method, R-XIMO, which provides …
Experiences of arbitrary management among Finnish academics in an era of academic capitalism
2020
For the last two decades, Finnish universities have faced the implementation of new systems of control and undergone dramatic changes that have worsened academic working conditions–such as corporatisation and budget cuts. This article explores Finnish academics’ experiences of university reforms with a special focus on the consequences it has had in terms of organisational socio-dynamics. We adapt Glynos and Howarth’s logics of critical explanation and apply this theoretical framework to analyse the interviews of academics who, against their own will, did not have their contracts renewed. This approach describes, explains, and criticises the logics–which are social, political and fantasmati…
A distributed leadership perspective on the Finnish curriculum reform 2014
2018
Bridging curriculum research with educational leadership, we examined the 2014 Finnish curriculum reform compilation and enactment process through the lens of distributed leadership.As a tool for t...