Search results for "ORIENTATION"
showing 10 items of 1041 documents
An empirical test of Sokolov's entropy model of the orienting response.
1974
Several hypotheses, most of them deduced from Sokolov's entropy model of the Orienting Response (OR), were tested. The Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) served as the indicator of the OR. Printed language, analyzed with regard to the information content in bits, was used as stimulus material. Forty-eight female students served as subjects. The results indicate: (1) that the uncertainty of a situation does not determine the strength of the OR, (2) that the strength of the OR depends on the information carried by an event, and (3) that the processing of this information, as indicated by the OR, may be delayed by one or more events in a serial application. For tonic level over a series of events no…
Artificial organisms as tools for the development of psychological theory: Tolman's lesson
2007
In the 1930s and 1940s, Edward Tolman developed a psychological theory of spatial orientation in rats and humans. He expressed his theory as an automaton (the ‘‘schematic sowbug’’) or what today we would call an ‘‘artificial organism.’’ With the technology of the day, he could not implement his model. Nonetheless, he used it to develop empirical predictions which tested with animals in the laboratory. This way of proceeding was in line with scientific practice dating back to Galileo. The way psychologists use artificial organisms in their work today breaks with this tradition. Modern ‘‘artificial organisms’’ are constructed a posteriori, working from experimental or ethological observations…
The Case of Gabriel: A Linguistic Therapy of Evaluation Perspective
2010
This article describes the treatment of Gabriel, 24, an undergraduate student suffering from performance anxiety. His main symptoms were heart palpitations, aching muscles, inability to relax, nervousness, worry, and negative anticipation about performance in various classes. The treatment applied was 13 sessions of linguistic therapy of evaluation (LTE), a variety of cognitive therapy based on the theory of general semantics. The main therapeutic techniques involved emphasizing the difference between words and “facts” (the “map” and the “territory”), general semantics debate, and the focusing on orders of abstraction. Across treatment Gabriel showed a clear shift from an intensional orient…
Values, motivational orientation and team cohesion amongst youth soccer players
2021
There is a close link between moral education and sports activities. A well-organized sport can be an excellent means of transferring positive values to children and adolescents, which can influence motivation and group processes. This study aimed to analyse (a) the relationships between social, personal and individualistic values, motivational orientation and team cohesion amongst young soccer players and (b) compare differences in these variables between players competing in different age categories. Our participant sample comprised 401 male soccer players of Spanish teams (mean age = 14.64 years) competing in official competitive leagues, of five age categories, Under-10 years to Under-…
Les opérateurs extérieurs dans l’éducation à l’esprit d’entreprendre et la forme scolaire : les enseignements d’une expérimentation menée dans des co…
2021
Cette recherche porte sur une expérimentation concernant l’aide à l’orientation pour des collégiens de quartiers défavorisés. Basée sur l’intervention d’opérateurs extérieurs en lien avec le monde de l’entreprise, l’expérimentation vise à soutenir les élèves dans leur orientation et à les aider à « être entreprenants ». L’enquête qualitative réalisée auprès des formateurs et des enseignants ou personnel de direction de ces collèges souligne les enjeux mais également les difficultés de ce projet, du fait notamment de la diversité des attentes entre les acteurs impliqués.
De l'orientation en fin de cinquième au fonctionnement du collège
1988
Analyse des mécanismes de l'orientation à l'issue de la classe de cinquième, à partir d'une enquête dans 17 collèges de l'Académie de Dijon, représentant 2350 élèves, scolarisés en 1982/1983. Étude de l'impact des caractéristiques socio-démographiques des élèves sur l'orientation à l'issue de la 5ème ; analyse des interactions entre les différents acteurs engagés dans le processus de l'orientation. Analyse de la variété des pratiques d'un collège à l'autre.
L’orientation des élèves de 3ème dans des collèges de quartiers défavorisés : représentations des enseignants
2022
L'orientation à l'issue de la cinquième : un reflet du fonctionnement du collège
1985
référence interne : 85077
De l'orientation en fin de cinquième au fonctionnement du collège : 3 - Les inégalités sociales de carrières du cours préparatoire au second cycle un…
1992
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