Search results for "Obstructive"

Noninvasive Ventilation in Critically Ill Patients

2015

Since its first application in the late 1980s, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been the first-line intervention for certain forms of acute respiratory failure. NIV may be delivered through the patient's mouth, nose, or both using noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure. When applied appropriately, NIV may reduce morbidity and mortality and may avert iatrogenic complications and infections associated with invasive mechanical ventilation. This article provides physicians and respiratory therapists with a comprehensive, practical guideline for using NIV in critical care. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.

Expertise préalable à la création d’un tableau de maladie professionnelle ou à l’élaboration de recommandations aux comités régionaux dereconnaissanc…

2022

Le plan d’actions sur les produits phytopharmaceutiques publié en avril 2018 vise notamment, sur la base des recommandations formulées par l’Inspection générale des affaires sociales, l’Inspection générale des finances et le Conseil général de l’alimentation, de l’agriculture etdes espaces ruraux dans leur rapport conjoint de janvier 2018, à améliorer la prise en charge des maladies professionnelles liées aux pesticides.Dans ce cadre, les pouvoirs publics ont, par courrier en date du 24 avril 2018, saisi l’Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) afin d’actualiser l’expertise collective « Pesticides : effets sur la santé » parue en 2013. Cette expertise synthétise …

Obstructive sleep apnea is an independent predictor for dyslipidemia: Data from the European Sleep Apnea Database (ESADA)

2017

Background and aim: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and dyslipidemia are both independently well-recognized risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Previous data are inconclusive regarding the relationship between OSA and dyslipidemia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between OSA and dyslipidemia in ESADA (European Sleep Apnea Database). Methods: The cross-sectional analysis included 8592 patients (age 50.1±12.7 years, 69.1% male, BMI 30.8±6.6 kg/m2, mean AHI 25.7±25.9 n/h) from the ESADA. The independent relationship between measures of OSA (AHI, ODI, mean and lowest saturation) and lipid profile (total cholesterol [TC], HDL-cholesterol [HDL-C] (n=3289) and fa…

Towards data-driven medical imaging using natural language processing in patients with suspected urolithiasis.

2020

Abstract Objective The majority of radiological reports are still written as free text and lack structure. Further evaluation of free-text reports is difficult to achieve without a great deal of manual effort, and is not possible in everyday clinical practice. This study aims to automatically capture clinical information and positive hit rates from narrative radiological reports of suspected urolithiasis using natural language processing (NLP). Methods Narrative reports of low dose computed tomography (CT) of the retroperitoneum from April 2016 to July 2018 (n = 1714) were analyzed using NLP. These free-text reports were automatically structured based on RadLex concepts. Manual feedback was…

Ventricular structural changes in patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and myocardial infarction

2018

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Aim: To analyze structural parameters of myocardial damage in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and its relationship with OSA severity. Method: This is a prospective, observational study in patients with a first acute myocardial infarction (MI) treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) studies were performed at 3 days and 6 months. Eligible patients underwent a polysomnography within 30 days after PCI. Quantitative data were expressed as mean±SD. Linear regression analysis was used to describe associations between infarct characteristics and OSA. …

Why, whether and how to use high-flow nasal therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2021

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) represents the standard of care for respiratory support of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) developing acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) [1]. NIV has been shown to reduce patient’s work of breathing and mortality and be feasibly implemented in various hospital location facilities at different timing, based on the severity of AHRF [2] and it is also widely used in clinical practice by physicians [3]. However, clinicians’ knowledge, experience and expertise in the management of NIV are crucial for its success in order to overcome common problems that may lower its effectiveness such as patients’ discomf…

Adipose Tissue in Sleep Apnea

2015

Obesity is increasingly recognized as a very complex metabolic state. Besides visceral obesity and white adipose tissue (WAT) function, the most recent studies point to a major metabolic role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in energy metabolism. Visceral obesity is associated with hypoxia of adipose tissue and inflammation, both these features being also present in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Obesity and OSA may share some common pathogenetic mechanisms, since hypoxia and inflammation are major features of OSA as well. However, the unique pattern of intermittent hypoxia occurring in OSA patients during sleep may modify the response of WAT and BAT in both lean and obese subjec…

Blood-pressure variability in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: current perspectives

2018

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is often associated with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Blood pressure (BP) variability is part of the assessment of cardiovascular risk. In OSA, BP variability has been studied mainly as very short-term (beat-by-beat) and short-term (24-hour BP profile) variability. BP measured on consecutive heartbeats has been demonstrated to be highly variable, due to repeated peaks during sleep, so that an accurate assessment of nocturnal BP levels in OSA may require peculiar methodologies. In 24-hour recordings, BP frequently features a "nondipping" profile, ie, <10% fall from day to night, which may increase cardiovascular risk and occurrence of major…

High flow nasal therapy in Acute Exacerbation of COPD: Ready for the prime time?

2021

Lung Transplantation

2014

For patients with terminal lung conditions such chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), lung transplantation (LuTx) offers treatment to improve quality of life and additionally, in those with certain other diseases—e.g., cystic fibrosis (CF), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)—to prolong life (1, 2, e1). It is used at the point when, despite treatment by all available conservative methods, the patient’s quality of life will be clearly impaired or life shortened if transplantation does not take place (3, 4, e2). At present, there are four main surgical options when performing a lung transplantation (5, e3, e4). These are: Unilateral (single lung) …