Search results for "Openness"
showing 10 items of 160 documents
The effect of financial crises on potential output: New empirical evidence from OECD countries
2012
Abstract The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of financial crises on potential output. For this purpose a univariate autoregressive growth equation is estimated on an unbalanced panel of OECD countries over the period 1960–2008. Our results suggest that the occurrence of a financial crisis negatively and permanently affects potential output. In particular, financial crises are estimated to lower potential output by around 1.5–2.4% on average, with most of the impact coming from the effect on capital. The magnitude of the effect increases with the severity of the crisis. These results are robust to the use of an alternative measure of potential output, changes in the methodology and…
Trade Openness and Income: A Tale of Two Regions
2015
In this article we present evidence of the long-run effect of trade openness on income per worker for two regions that have followed different liberalization strategies, namely Asia and Latin America. A model that re-examines these questions is estimated for two panels of Asian and Latin American countries over the 1980-2008 period using a novel empirical approach that accounts for endogeneity as well as for the time series properties of the variables involved. From an econometric point of view, we apply recent panel cointegration techniques based on factor models that account for two additional elements usually neglected in previous empirical literature: cross-dependence and structural bre…
Political, Institutional, and Economic Factors Underlying Deficit Volatility
2013
It is well known that fiscal policy can counter-cyclically smooth out the effect of unexpected shocks and public deficit volatility may reflect the (optimal) policy response to them. However, the welfare losses associated to fiscal instability are also an important challenge for many countries, as it typically implies an inefficient allocation of resources, higher sovereign risk premium and an inadequate provision of public services. In this paper, we empirically analyze the political, institutional, and economic sources of public deficit volatility. Using the system-generalized method-of-moments (GMM) estimator for linear dynamic panel data models and a sample of 125 countries analyzed fro…
Purchasing natural personal care products in the era of fake news? The moderation effect of brand trust
2021
Natural personal care products are gaining popularity due to their benefits in terms of health and well-being. However, consumers are wary of these products and are guided by the fake news circulating about them. Since natural product consumption offers several personal and environmental benefits, it would be worthwhile to understand consumers’ tendency to let fake news influence their consumption decisions. Accordingly, the current study examined the association of fake news and purchasing behaviour towards natural personal care products, utilising Stimulus-Organism-Behaviour-Consequence (SOBC) as the theoretical framework. The study proposed openness to change as the stimulus, perceived b…
Open Science now: A systematic literature review for an integrated definition
2018
Abstract Open Science is a disruptive phenomenon that is emerging around the world and especially in Europe. Open Science brings about socio-cultural and technological change, based on openness and connectivity, on how research is designed, performed, captured, and assessed. Several studies show that there is a lack of awareness about what Open Science is, mainly due to the fact that there is no formal definition of Open Science. The purpose of this paper is to build a rigorous, integrated, and up-to-date definition of the Open Science phenomenon through a systematic literature review. The resulting definition “Open Science is transparent and accessible knowledge that is shared and develope…
Impact of Adolescents' Perceived Self-Regulatory Efficacy on Familial Communication and Antisocial Conduct
1998
The present study tested the hypothesis that perceived self-efficacy to resist peer pressure for high-risk activities is related to transgressive conduct, both directly and through the mediation of open familial communication. Adolescents rated their self-regulatory efficacy, openness of communication with parents, and their involvement in delinquent conduct and substance abuse. Results of structural equation modeling confirmed that a high sense of efficacy to ward off negative peer influences was accompanied by open communication with parents about activities outside the home and by low engagement in delinquent conduct and substance abuse. Both the posited direct and mediated paths of inf…
Freedom and pressure in self-disclosure
2013
Today there is great openness about breast cancer, and the current ideology is that this is considered positive. This article draws upon sociological and philosophical theories to explore psychological practices. We ask: do women experience as much freedom to not talk about their illness as they do to talk about it? Do they experience that not being open is as favourably valued as openness is? The article is based on an ethnographic study in which women have given detailed accounts of how, to whom and in which situations they have been open or closed about their illness. It shows that breast cancer sufferers do not always experience a real choice between withholding and sharing information.…
Mental health care: trust and mistrust in different caring contexts.
2008
Aims and objectives. To identify the factors that make trust within the context of public mental health possible. We also consider the question of patients’ trust in the whole caring system. The study is based on individual interviews with 22 psychiatric patients, who were also users of social services. Background. There are theoretical studies concerning trust between human beings in several disciplines within psychiatry and social services but few studies investigate how trust can be created and what makes it possible. The literature reveals that there is need for research concerning trust in psychiatry. In this study we examined two different caring contexts and investigated what makes…
Mindfulness y neurobiología
2006
En la actualidad asistimos a la introducción de las técnicas de mindfulness en la educación, la psicoterapia y en todo el ámbito científico en general. Una de las razones de este auge son los conocimientos proporcionados por las modernas técnicas de investigación neurobiológica. En este trabajo revisamos algunos de los efectos de mindfulness sobre los procesos perceptivos (apertura a la novedad), el estilo afectivo (afecto positivo y aproximación), la inmunidad (incremento) y la empatía (facilitación). Los hallazgos neurobiológicos sugieren que la práctica de mindfulness activa y fortalece diversas regiones cerebrales (especialmente la corteza prefrontal) encargadas de los procesos integrad…
What determines the duration of a fiscal consolidation program?
2013
This paper assesses the determinants of the length of fiscal consolidation using annual data for 17 industrial countries over the period 1978-2009. Relying on a narrative approach to identify fiscal consolidation episodes, we show that fiscal variables (such as the budget deficit and the level of public debt) and economic factors (such as the degree of openness, the inflation rate, the interest rate and per capita GDP) are crucial for the fiscal consolidation process. Additionally, we employ duration analysis over a set of consolidation spells and find that, as time goes by, the likelihood of a fiscal consolidation ending is higher. However, the hazard function is not monotonic: indeed, it …