Search results for "Oryza"

A high-resolution, integrated system for rice yield forecasting at district level

2019

Abstract To meet the growing demands from public and private stakeholders for early yield estimates, a high-resolution (2 km × 2 km) rice yield forecasting system based on the integration of the WARM model and remote sensing (RS) technologies was developed. RS was used to identify rice-cropped area and to derive spatially distributed sowing dates, and for the dynamic assimilation of RS-derived leaf area index (LAI) data within the crop model. The system—tested for the main European rice production districts in Italy, Greece, and Spain—performed satisfactorily; >66% of the inter-annual yield variability was explained in six out of eight combinations of ecotype × district, with a maximum of 8…

Unravelling the biosynthesis of pyriculol in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

2017

Pyriculol was isolated from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and found to induce lesion formation on rice leaves. These findings suggest that it could be involved in virulence. The gene MoPKS19 was identified to encode a polyketide synthase essential for the production of the polyketide pyriculol in the rice blast fungus M. oryzae. The transcript abundance of MoPKS19 correlates with the biosynthesis rate of pyriculol in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, gene inactivation of MoPKS19 resulted in a mutant unable to produce pyriculol, pyriculariol and their dihydro derivatives. Inactivation of a putative oxidase-encoding gene MoC19OXR1, which was found to be located in the genome cl…

Ancient symbiosis confers desiccation resistance to stored grain pest beetles

2017

AbstractMicrobial symbionts of insects provide a range of ecological traits to their hosts that are beneficial in the context of biotic interactions. However, little is known about insect symbiont-mediated adaptation to the abiotic environment, e.g. temperature and humidity. Here we report on an ancient (~400 Mya) clade of intracellular, bacteriome-located Bacteroidetes symbionts that are associated withgrain and wood pest beetles of the phylogenetically distant families Silvanidae and Bostrichidae. In the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis, we demonstrate that the symbionts affect cuticle thickness, melanization and hydrocarbon profile, enhancing desiccation resistance and …

2020

Animals engage in a plethora of mutualistic interactions with microorganisms that can confer various benefits to their host but can also incur context-dependent costs. The sawtoothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis harbors nutritional, intracellular Bacteroidetes bacteria that supplement precursors for the cuticle synthesis and thereby enhance desiccation resistance of its host. Experimental elimination of the symbiont impairs cuticle formation and reduces fitness under desiccation stress but does not disrupt the host’s life cycle. For this study, we first demonstrated that symbiont populations showed the strongest growth at the end of metamorphosis and then declined continuously in …

Improvement of resveratrol production from waste residue of grape seed by biotransformation of edible immobilized Aspergillus oryzae cells and negati…

2017

Abstract A biotransformation method of producing resveratrol with immobilized Aspergillus oryzae negative pressure cavitation bioreactor (ICNPCB) with biphasic ionic liquid aqueous system pretreatment was investigated. Subsequently, the biotransformation conditions were optimized for the resveratrol production under types of ILs [C4MIM]Br, concentration of ILs 0.75 M, temperature 31 °C, ratios of solid to liquid 1:15 (mg/L), time 60 h and pH 6.0, the yield of resveratrol reached 224.61 ± 0.35 μg/g, which increased 4.36-fold to that of untreated one. The conversion rate of piceid reached 85.21%. The residual activity of immobilized microorganism was 82.26% after used for 15 runs. The develop…

Nutritional symbionts enhance structural defence against predation and fungal infection in a grain pest beetle

2022

ABSTRACT Many insects benefit from bacterial symbionts that provide essential nutrients and thereby extend the hosts’ adaptive potential and their ability to cope with challenging environments. However, the implications of nutritional symbioses for the hosts’ defence against natural enemies remain largely unstudied. Here, we investigated whether the cuticle-enhancing nutritional symbiosis of the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis confers protection against predation and fungal infection. We exposed age-defined symbiotic and symbiont-depleted (aposymbiotic) beetles to two antagonists that must actively penetrate the cuticle for a successful attack: wolf spiders (Lycosidae) an…

Composition, Antifungal, Phytotoxic, and Insecticidal Activities of Thymus kotschyanus Essential Oil

2020

Essential oils (EOs) are some of the outstanding compounds found in Thymus that can exert antifungal, phytotoxic, and insecticidal activities, which encourage their exploration and potential use for agricultural and food purposes. The essential oils (EO) obtained from Thymus kotschyanus collected in the East Azerbaijan Province (Iran) were characterized using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Thymol was the most important compound (60.48%), although 35 other active compounds were identified in the EO. Significant amounts of carvacrol (3.08%), p-cymene (5.56%), and &gamma

Antifungal effect of phenolic extract of fermented rice bran with Rhizopus oryzae and its potential use in loaf bread shelf life extension

2018

In this study the antifungal potential of a phenolic extract obtained from rice bran fermented with Rhizopus oryzae CECT 7560 and its application in the elaboration of bread was assessed.; Results: Eighteen compounds with antifungal potential were identified by LC-ESI-qTOF-MS in the extract: organic acids, gallates and gallotannins, flavonoids, ellagic acid and benzophenone derivatives. The extract was active against strains of Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium, with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 390 to 3100 µg mL-1 and minimum fungicidal concentration variable from 780 to 6300 µg mL-1 . The strains that were most sensitive to the phenolic extract were F. graminearum, F.…

Pseudomonas salomonii sp. nov., pathogenic on garlic, and Pseudomonas palleroniara sp. nov., isolated from rice

2002

International audience; A total of 26 strains, including 15 strains isolated from garlic plants with the typical symptoms of 'Café au lait' disease and 11 strains isolated from diseased or healthy rice seeds and sheaths infested by Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, were compared with 70 type or reference strains of oxidase-positive pathogenic or non-pathogenic fluorescent pseudomonads. The strains were characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Numerical taxonomy of phenotypic characteristics showed that the garlic and rice strains were related to each other. However, they clustered into separate phenons, distinct from those of the other strains tested, and were different in several nu…

Protective and regenerative effects of a novel medical device against esophageal mucosal damage using in vitro and ex vivo models.

2020

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common digestive disorder that causes esophagitis and injuries to the esophageal mucosa. GERD symptoms are recurrent during pregnancy and their treatment is focused on lifestyle changes and nonprescription medicines. The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanism of action of a new patented medical device, an oral formulation containing hyaluronic acid, rice extract, and amino acids dispersed in a bioadhesive polymer matrix, by assessing its protective effects in in vitro and ex vivo models of esophageal mucosa damage. Acidic bile salts and pepsin cocktail (BSC) added to CP-A and COLO-680 N esophagus cells were used as an in vitro GERD mo…