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showing 10 items of 1549 documents
Correlated effects of fluorine and hydrogen in fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) transparent electrodes deposited by sputtering at room temperature
2021
The optical and electrical properties of fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) films deposited at room temperature by sputtering have been investigated varying the fluorine content and the hydrogen atmosphere. The complex behavior of the obtained films is disclosed using a wide set of characterization techniques that reveals the combined effects of these two parameters on the generated defects. These defects control the electrical transport (carrier density, mobility and conductivity), the optical properties (band gap and defects-related absorption and photoluminescence) and finally promote the amorphization of the samples. H2 in the sputtering gas does not modify the H content in the films but induc…
Synergies and compromises between charge and energy transfers in three-component organic solar cells
2020
In this paper, we developed different three-component organic heterojunction structures supported by PET/ITO substrates with the aim to study the possible synergies and/or compromises between charge transfer (CT) and energy transfer (ET) processes in organic solar cells (OSCs). As components, we employed poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT; donor), [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM; acceptor) and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) that is known to give good ET to P3HT. At first, we observed that in a planar heterojunction (PHJ) solar cell, F8BT has to be properly located in between P3HT and PCBM to get a cascade energy level configuration allowing for a b…
Robustness and electrical reliability of AZO/Ag/AZO thin film after bending stress
2017
Abstract The increasing interest in thin flexible and bendable devices has led to a strong demand for mechanically robust and electrically reliable transparent electrodes. Indium doped Tin Oxide (ITO) and Aluminium doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) are among the most employed transparent conductive oxides (TCO) and their reliability on flexible substrates have thus received a great attention. However, a high flexibility is usually achieved at very low thickness, which, unfortunately, compromises the electrical conductivity. Here we report the effects of mechanical bending cycles on the electrical and optical properties of ultra thin AZO/Ag/AZO multilayers (45 nm/10 nm/45 nm) and, for comparison, of AZ…
Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells for Building Integration and Tandem Photovoltaics: Design Strategies and Challenges
2021
Over the past decade, halide perovskite systems have captured widespread attention among researchers since their exceptional photovoltaic (PV) performance was disclosed. The unique combination of optoelectronic properties and solution processability shown by these materials has enabled perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to reach efficiencies higher than 25% at low fabrication costs. Moreover, PSCs display enormous potential for modern unconventional PV applications, since they can be made lightweight, semitransparent (ST), and/or flexible by means of appropriate design strategies. In particular, by enabling transparency and high efficiency simultaneously, ST-PSCs hold great promise for future ve…
Role of the Back Metal-Semiconductor Contact on the Performances of a-Si:H Solar Cells
2011
We have investigated the role of the metal-semiconductor back contact on the performances of thin film modules consisting of single junction a-Si:H photovoltaic (PV) cells deposited with p-i-n configuration. We find that an adequate choice of the back contact helps reducing the barrier height of the junction improving the contact conductivity. For this purpose Mo has shown to be effective. Moreover we find that Mo, as refractory material, has additional beneficial effects reducing the formation of defects leading to the decrease of recombination losses. We have then fabricated a PV module on flexible substrate for indoor energy harvesting applications using Mo as back contact. An efficiency…
Laser irradiation of ZnO:Al/Ag/ZnO:Al multilayers for electrical isolation in thin film photovoltaics
2013
Laser irradiation of ZnO:Al/Ag/ZnO:Al transparent contacts is investigated for segmentation purposes. The quality of the irradiated areas has been experimentally evaluated by separation resistance measurements, and the results are complemented with a thermal model used for numerical simulations of the laser process. The presence of the Ag interlayer plays two key effects on the laser scribing process by increasing the maximum temperature reached in the structure and accelerating the cool down process. These evidences can promote the use of ultra-thin ZnO:Al/ Ag/ZnO:Al electrode in large-area products, such as for solar modules. © 2013 Crupi et al.; licensee Springer.
Optical thermal filters for eXTP: manufacturing and characterization
2020
In order to ensure the effective detection of X-ray astronomical detectors by blocking ultraviolet, visible and infrared light, adding optical thermal filter in front of the load is an effective method. According to the scientific requirements of eXTP, optical thermal filters with aluminized polyimide (PI) film structure had been designed and tested in this paper, the results of mechanical tests including burst pressure, vibration and acoustic tests, also the transparent properties of optics in UV, Vis and IR lights are presented. The mechanical test results show that the filters for LAD and SFA can't pass the acoustic tests, causing the thickness of PI should be increased or a nickel mesh …
Transparent conductive oxide photonic crystals on textured substrates
2011
Three-dimensional ZnO:Al photonic crystals were fabricated by atomic layer deposition on highly textured substrates. It turns out that these inverted opals consist of a thin intermediate disordered layer close to the textured substrate followed by a highly-ordered photonic crystal layer. The photonic crystals themselves exhibit comparable optical properties to those on planar substrates.
Nonprecious Copper‐Based Transparent Top Electrode via Seed Layer–Assisted Thermal Evaporation for High‐Performance Semitransparent n‐i‐p Perovskite …
2019
Semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST‐PSCs) are highly attractive for applications in building‐integrated photovoltaics as well as in multijunction tandem devices. To fabricate high‐performance ST‐PSCs, suitable transparent top electrodes are strongly needed. Dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD) multilayer structures have been shown to be promising candidates, though generally based on high‐value metals such as gold or silver, the latter causing also stability issues by reacting with perovskite. Here, a novel DMD transparent electrode based on nonprecious, less‐reactive copper is developed via thermal evaporation and used as a top anode in the fabrication of high‐performance semitranspare…
Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children With Autism Without Intellectual Disability. Mediation of Behavioral Problems and Coping Strategies
2019
The present study investigated the mediating role of behavioral difficulties, coping strategies, and social functional support in the relationship between symptoms severity and parenting stress in mothers of children with ASD (autism spectrum disorder). The parenting stress questionnaire, coping orientation to problems experienced scale, strengths and difficulties questionnaire, and Duke-UNC social support questionnaire were administered to 52 mothers, who also estimated the ASD severity symptoms of their children. Correlation analyses revealed that parenting stress was positively correlated with the children's ASD symptoms and behavioral problems. On the other hand, parenting stress was ne…