Search results for "Parenteral"

On the anti-inflammatory and anti-phospholipase A2 activity of extracts from lanostane-rich species

2000

Abstract We have studied extracts from three species rich in lanostane triterpenes for their activity against different in vivo models of inflammation induced by TPA, EPP and PLA2. The inhibitory effect against PLA2 in vitro was also studied. When the Poria cocos extract was tested against PLA2-induced mouse paw edema, it was active by the oral and parenteral routes. Its effect was greater in both magnitude and duration than that of Pistacia terebinthus and Ganoderma lucidum extracts. P. terebinthus was effective against chronic and acute inflammation, and according to a preliminary chromatographic analysis, its seems to be a good source of lanostane anti-inflammatory agents. G. lucidum was…

Standard and Specialized Infant Formulas in Europe: Making, Marketing, and Health Outcomes

2019

Infant formulas are the only suitable substitute for human milk. The most common infant formulas are standard formulas based on cow's milk. In addition, there are formulas for infants showing signs and symptoms of intolerance and for clinical conditions such as allergy, prematurity, and gastrointestinal diseases. A comprehensive review of the literature was made to review the composition of standard and specialized infant formulas and analyze indications for use, real or presumed nutrition differences and properties, and impact on infant growth. A brief consideration on costs is outlined for each formula. Over the past few years, industrial production and advertising of infant formulas have…

Ascorbic Acid in Postoperative Intensive Care Patients - Biochemical Aspects and Clinical Experience

2009

The transport mechanisms of ascorbic acid (AA) are described. The metabolism of AA and its function as an antioxidant are covered in some detail. Subsequently, indications for postoperative substitution are discussed. The supplementation of up to 300 mg of AA per day in postoperative intensive care unit patients during par-/enteral nutrition is recommended to prevent hypovitaminosis. It is not clear if this is the optimal dosage of AA in postoperative/-trauma patients. New aspects for an AA substitution are discussed.

Postoperative maintenance therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.

2006

. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2006 Jul;22(4):377-81. Postoperative maintenance therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Cottone M, Orlando A, Modesto I. Department of General Medicine, Pneumology and Nutrition Clinic, Palermo University, Palermo, Italy. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review will highlight the knowledge gained from studies published in the year 2005 on maintenance treatment after surgery for inflammatory bowel diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: In Crohn's disease the role of smoking in increasing the risk of relapse and recurrence after surgery is confirmed. Ornidazole seems effective in reducing endoscopic recurrence and clinical relapse after surgery. Probiotics do not appear to be effective…

The Use of Polyols in Pediatrics

1969

Children have a high demand of sugars or similar substances. These ought to be tolerable and easily utilized, furthermore palatable if given by mouth, and apt to supply a sufficient caloric intake. Often, carbohydrates are used as the only source of calories for ill children, e. g. in case of acute disturbances of the intestinal tract (caused by infection or incompatibility of food ingested, by malabsorption syndromes etc.) and in stress situations.

A life-threatening complication of parenteral nutrition: how to prevent cardiac tamponade?

2014

Complications caused by incorrect central venous insertion are numerous. Cardiac tamponade is a rare, but well-documented complication that is often lethal. We present the case of a patient with cardiac tamponade caused by incorrect tip position and infusion of hyperosmolar fluids such as for parenteral nutrition.

Home Parenteral Nutrition

2012

Parenteral nutrition (PN) involves the administration of fluids and nutrients using routes other than the gut, although usually involves central venous catheters (CVC). Home PN (HPN) refers to instances where this nutritional support is administered in the patient's home. Although this form of treatment is expensive and complex, it facilitates patients’ social rehabilitation, returning them to their home environment, reducing healthcare costs, and improving quality of life (QoL). Pediatric patients present specific technical characteristics, as not only should a proper nutritional status be maintained, but also optimal growth and development.

Parenteral nutrition improves nutritional status, autonomic symptoms and QoL in patients with TTR-FAP

2015

Background Transthyretin related familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP) is an inherited form of amyloidosis, leading to death in about 10 years in most cases for cardiac failure or wasting syndrome. Previous study showed that modified body mass index (mBMI) was related to time before death, duration of gastrointestinal disturbances, malabsorption and functional capacity. Futhermore, outcome after liver tranplantation was greater in patients with an mBMI over 600.

Base Excess and Lactate Concentration in Infusion Solutions and Blood Products

2002

The metabolic status of internal intensive care patients as indicated by 3-methylhistidine excretion and nitrogen balance

1984

Abstract The metabolic status of 15 intensive care patients receiving a standardized total parenteral nutrition regimen was followed up to 15 days immediately after admission by measuring 3-methylhistidine, total nitrogen, and creatinine excretion. The average 3-methylhistidine excretion was within the normal range during the first 3 days, rising on day 4 and reached a maximum of 70% above normal values on day 5. It declined to within normal range thereafter in most of the patients. Mean values for creatinine excretion remained relatively constant within the normal range throughout the study. During all days 3-methylhistidine was negatively correlated with N-balance. It is concluded that th…