Search results for "Permissive"

2020

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) have shown their superiority over conventional therapies to treat some cancers. ICPi are effective against immunogenic tumors. However, patients with tumors poorly infiltrated with immune cells do not respond to ICPi. Combining ICPi with other anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, or vaccines, which can stimulate the immune system and recruit antitumor T cells into the tumor bed, may be a relevant strategy to increase the proportion of responding patients. Such an approach still raises the following questions: What are the immunological features modulated by immunogenic therapies that can be critical to ensure not only immediate but also l…

Interleukin-25-mediated resistance against intestinal trematodes does not depend on the generation of Th2 responses

2020

AbstractInterleukin-25 (IL-25) is recognized as the most relevant initiator of protective Th2 responses in intestinal helminth infections. It is well known that IL-25 induces resistance against several species of intestinal helminths, including the trematode Echinostoma caproni. E. caproni has been extensively used as an experimental model to study the factors determining the resistance to intestinal infections. Herein, we assessed the role of IL-25 in the generation of resistance in mice to E. caproni infections. ICR mice are permissive hosts for E. caproni in which chronic infections are developed in relation to the lack of IL-25 production in response to primary infection and the consequ…

Childhood Obesity: The Relationship Between Negative Emotionality, Emotion Regulation, and Parenting Styles

2019

Objectives We aimed to compare obese children and their non-obese counterpart on children’s negative emotionality, emotion regulation and maternal parenting styles and to examine the joint contribution of children’s temperament and maternal styles to children’s obesity. Methods A total of 200 mothers were involved in this study, 100 with children diagnosed with obesity (49 boys, 51 girls; the age ranged from 6 to 12 years), and 100 with children with a normal weight (49 boys, 51 girls; the age ranged from 6 to 12 years). Mothers completed self-report measures on children’s emotionality, emotion regulation, and parenting styles. Results The comparison between the two groups showed that obese…

Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study.

2011

With data from 33 nations, we illustrate the differences between cultures that are tight (have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behavior) versus loose (have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behavior). Tightness-looseness is part of a complex, loosely integrated multilevel system that comprises distal ecological and historical threats (e.g., high population density, resource scarcity, a history of territorial conflict, and disease and environmental threats), broad versus narrow socialization in societal institutions (e.g., autocracy, media regulations), the strength of everyday recurring situations, and micro-level psychological affordances (e.g., prevention …

Links between maternal feeding practices and children's eating difficulties. Validation of French tools

2012

Abstract: The main objectives of the study were to validate a measure of young children's eating difficulties and maternal feeding practices in a French sample, and to assess the links between these practices and children's eating difficulties. Mothers of French children aged 20-36 months completed 4 questionnaires that were validated using a Structural Equation Modelling approach. Links between children and maternal components were investigated using a PLS regression. The Children's Eating Difficulties Questionnaire yielded a 4-dimension solution: Neophobia, Pickiness, Low Appetite and Low Enjoyment in food. The Feeding Style Questionnaire assessed 3 dimensions: Authoritarian, Authoritativ…

Family Relationships and Cyberbullying

2015

This chapter analyzes the relationship between family and cyberbullying, a type of technological harassment among peers which is of growing concern in the scientific community and in today’s society. First, this chapter discusses factors associated with family functioning that may predict cyberbullying, particularly the family climate (cohesion, expressivity, and conflict) and parent–children communication. It also examines the role of parental socialization styles and their continuity with parental styles on the Internet: authoritarian style, laissez-faire, permissive and authoritative. In relation to parental styles, one section in this chapter describes the parental monitoring of Interne…

The mothering of conduct problem and normal children in Spain and the USA: authoritarian and permissive asynchrony.

2005

Ninety-two clinic-referred and nonclinical mother-child dyads in Spain and the USA were observed in their home settings under naturalistic conditions for a total of 477 hours. Children in the clinic-referred dyads were considered troubled because of conduct problems. The observations were aimed at assessing two forms of mother-child asynchrony, either of which was expected to differentiate clinic referred from nonclinical dyads. Authoritarian asynchrony was defined as a mother's indiscriminate use of aversive reactions to her child, whereas the permissive form entailed indiscriminate positive reactions. Results showed the American mothers to generate more permissive asynchrony, whereas the …

Chronic non-invasive glucocorticoid administration decreases polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule expression in the adult rat dentate gyrus

2004

The expression of the polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is increased in the hippocampus after chronic restraint stress (CRS) and may play a permissive role in structural changes that include dendrite reorganization in dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 pyramidal neurons and suppression of neurogenesis in DG. We report that chronic oral corticosterone (CORT) administration decreases the number of PSA-NCAM immunoreactive granule neurons in the adult rat dentate gyrus, and the available evidence suggests that this is an indirect effect of CORT, possibly involving excitatory amino acids, that may not be directly related to neurogenesis. Because CORT treatment reduces but does not …

Secular citizens, pious MPs: why German attitudes about genetic testing are much more permissive than German laws

2020

Germany has lifted its total ban on Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD, a form of genetic testing), but the new rules are still much stricter than those in other European countries. Results fro...

Understanding Discipline in Families of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Structural Equation Model

2009

One hundred and fifty-five mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) completed a semi-structured interview, the Parenting Stress Index Questionnaire (Abidin, 1990), to evaluate parenting stress. The Parenting Scale (Arnold, O’Leary, Wolff & Acker, 1993) was also administered to measure dysfunctional discipline strategies. Structural equation modeling was used to test a model in which the independent variables were the Child’s Characteristics and the Socio-Educational Status of his or her family; intermediate variables were Parenting Stress concerning the Child Domain and concerning the Parent Domain; and the dependent variable was Parental Discipline. The resu…