Search results for "Phagocyte"
showing 10 items of 66 documents
Mononuclear Cells in Exudative Malignant Pleural Effusions
1994
The aims of this study were to develop a methodology for the isolation of highly enriched mononuclear phagocyte populations from exudative malignant pleural effusions (EMPE) and to characterize the phenotype and functional properties of these cells. Pleural effusion mononuclear cells (PEMC) were isolated by Ficoll centrifugation of EMPE and transudative pleural effusions and allowed to adhere to plastic for 1 h to obtain a pleural effusion mononuclear adherent cell (PEMAC) fraction. Only 66.0±4.2 percent of PEMAC ingested latex particles, indicating that a significant proportion of PEMAC were not phagocytic cells. Latex-positive PEMAC had the morphologic appearance of macrophages and staine…
Aroclor 1254 inhibits the chemiluminescence response of peritoneal cavity cells from sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo)
2014
Chronic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) affect the immune system of fish and could lead to a decreased disease resistance. The effects of Aroclor 1254, PCB mixtures, on the Diplodus puntazzo innate immunity were examined by assaying the zymosan stimulated chemiluminescence response (CL) of peritoneal cavity cells (PCCs) at various times (1, 24, 48 h and 1-4 weeks) from intraperitoneal injection of the xenobiotic (1 mg kg(-1) body weight). Controls were performed by assaying cells from medium-treated fish. Since the kinetic of the chemiluminescence response showed the highest peak at 25 min after the zymosan stimulation of the cells, the values found at that time were considered…
Host immune response to Cryptosporidium parvum infection
2010
Species of the genus Cryptosporidium are protozoan parasites (Apicomplexa) that cause gastroenteritis in animals and humans. Of these Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis are the major causative agents of human cryptosporidiosis. Whereas infection is self-limiting in the immunocompetent hosts, immunocompromised individuals develop a chronic, life-threatening disease. As specific therapeutic or preventive interventions are not yet available, better understanding of the immune response to the parasite is required. This minireview briefly summarizes the factors involved in the innate and acquired immune response in this pathogen-host interaction with an emphasis on more recent da…
cIAP1-dependent TRAF2 degradation regulates the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and their response to CD40 ligand.
2008
AbstractPeripheral blood monocytes are plastic cells that migrate to tissues and differentiate into various cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts. We have described the migration of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1), a member of the IAP family of proteins, from the nucleus to the Golgi apparatus in monocytes undergoing differentiation into macrophages. Here we show that, once in the cytoplasm, cIAP1 is involved in the degradation of the adaptor protein tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 2 (TRAF2) by the proteosomal machinery. Inhibition of cIAP1 prevents the decrease in TRAF2 expression that characterizes macrophage formation. We d…
Coelomocytes and post-traumatic response in the common sea star Asterias rubens.
2008
Coelomocytes are recognized as the main cellular component of the echinoderm immune system. They are the first line of defense and their number and type can vary dramatically during infections or following injury. Sea stars have been used as a model system to study the regeneration process after autotomy or predation. In the present study we examined the cellular and biochemical responses of coelomocytes from the European sea star Asterias rubens to traumatic stress using immunochemical and biochemical approaches. In terms of trauma and post-traumatic stress period, here we consider the experimental arm amputation and the repair phase involved in the first 24 hours post-amputation, which mi…
Nonradical oxidants of the phagocyte type induce the activation of plasmatic single chain- urokinase
1991
Single chain- urokinase (scu-PA) is the proenzyme of the plasminogen activator urokinase (tcu-PA). In human blood scu-PA is of great stability. Activated phagocytes generate large amounts of single chain- urokinase and of reactive oxidants (chloramines and HOCl). Since these cells participate in physiologic fibrinolysis, we were interested in the interaction between plasmatic scu-PA and chloramines. The oxidants dose dependently induce the activation of plasmatic scu-PA. Optimal activation of scu-PA occurs at about 3-5 mmol/l of chloramine-T. The findings suggest a control mechanism of scu-PA stability/activity by oxidatively modifiable plasma proteins, such as alpha-2-antiplasmin. The oxid…
P68 A diet rich in wheat alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) enhances disease progression in the MRL-Fas(lpr) mouse model of systemic lupus eryth…
2020
Background Wheat alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) are the second most prevalent proteins in wheat (3–4% vs 80–90% for gluten) and potent activators of the innate immune system via the toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)-MD2-CD14 complex in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (Junker Y et al, J Exp Med 2012), triggering several autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. In contrast, pure gluten that is de-enriched of ATIs shows no stimulatory activity. MRL-Fas(lpr) mice develop progressive and spontaneous glomerular, tubulointerstitial and perivascular kidney disease, arthritis, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and circulating autoantibodies in a syndrome that resembles systemic lupus erythematosus…
Oral manifestations and dental management of patient with leukocyte alterations
2011
Leukocytes are the main cellular elements of inflammatory and immune reactions of the organism. Leukocyte alterations are the consequence of an imbalance between the formation of leukocytes in the bone marrow and its elimination by the mononuclear phagocytic system. Factors that can modify leukopoyesis are varied and can lead to an alteration in the number of leukocytes or tumoral alterations of white cells (leukemias, lymphomas and plasma cell tumors). There is also a wide range of clinical manifestations that can derive from them: from very slight symptoms to life-threatening conditions. In some cases oral manifestations will be the first signs and it will be the dentist’s responsibility …
Effects of testosterone and β-glucan on immune functions in tench
2005
A hormone manipulation was performed to examine the effects of testosterone on basal and β-glucan-induced immune functions in wild-caught male and female tench Tinca tinca. Testosterone administration elevated testosterone concentration in plasma, but did not suppress lytic activity of plasma or the chemiluminescence response of blood or head kidney phagocytes in any of the three successive samples or in any of the treatment groups. Both testosterone and β-glucan administrations had a negative effect on the relative mass of the spleen, and testosterone-treated fish lost more mass than control fish. Males had a relatively larger spleen than females, but there were no gender differences in im…
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drives Expansion of Low-Density Neutrophils Equipped With Regulatory Activities
2019
In human tuberculosis (TB) neutrophils represent the most commonly infected phagocyte but their role in protection and pathology is highly contradictory. Moreover, a subset of low-density neutrophils (LDNs) has been identified in TB, but their functions remain unclear. Here, we have analyzed total neutrophils and their low-density and normal-density (NDNs) subsets in patients with active TB disease, in terms of frequency, phenotype, functional features, and gene expression signature. Full-blood counts from Healthy Donors (H.D.), Latent TB infected, active TB, and cured TB patients were performed. Frequency, phenotype, burst activity, and suppressor T cell activity of the two different subse…