Search results for "Porting"
showing 10 items of 352 documents
Legitimointistrategioiden käyttö kuntien ympäristöraportoinnissa
2020
Legitimation strategies in the environmental reports of Finnish townsThis paper focuses on the legitimation strategies used in the environmental reports of the five biggest towns in Finland. The data consist of environmental reports published by Helsinki, Tampere, Espoo, Vantaa and Oulu. The results of the content analysis show that the towns use strategies whose purpose is to modify the public’s perception of the organization in a positive direction. The purpose of this study is to increase critical knowledge of the legitimation strategies in environment reports.
Risk management in the banking industry
2016
El negocio bancario está altamente regulado porque las instituciones financieras captan ahorro público y tienen riesgos específicos y complejidades que hacen que sus estados financieros sean opacos y difíciles de analizar por el público en general (Petrella y Resti, 2013; Morgan, 2001). Para entender y monitorear los riesgos específicos en las empresas del sector financiero, el regulador estadounidense diseñó el sistema de evaluación CAMELS, que es comúnmente utilizado por los reguladores de todo el mundo para evaluar la solidez de las instituciones financieras y para evaluar el nivel de riesgo de los bancos (Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, 2013). Los riesgos que este enfoque eva…
Die aufschlußfreie Bestimmung von Schwermetallen (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu) in Getränken (Wein) durch inverse Voltammetrie in einer Durchflußzelle
1987
Digestion-free determination of trace-metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu) in beverages by inverse voltammetry in a flow-through cell equipped with a mercury film-electrode is described. Optimal enrichment potentials are obtained by inspection of the pseudopolarograms of the elements in the original diluted sample solution. After the deposition step in the untreated sample solution stripping is effected in a proper supporting electrolyte after medium exchange. Values obtained by this techniques with various samples compare well with those obtained by usual procedures including wet digestion of the samples.
Synthesis of cyanoacetic acid by carbon dioxide and electrogenerated acetonitrile anion in undivided cells equipped with sacrificial anodes
2008
The electrochemical synthesis of cyanoacetic acid was performed by cathodic reduction of tetraalkylammonium salts (R4NX) in acetonitrile in undivided cells equipped with sacrificial anodes with concomitant or subsequent addition of carbon dioxide. These syntheses avoid the use of dangerous reagents, yield cyanoacetic acid in moderate faradic yields and confirm that the cathodic reduction of tetraalkylammonium salts in the presence of acetonitrile leads to the formation of the anion CNCH2-.
Electrochemical technology for the treatment of real washing machine effluent at pre-pilot plant scale by using active and non-active anodes
2018
Abstract Real effluent of washing machine is one of the major sources of microplastics and fabrics in municipal and surface water. The effluents constitute large volume of wastewater with different surfactants since every household and industries nowadays use washing machine rather than traditional hand washing. In this work, a real effluent of washing machine was treated by electrooxidation (EO) in a pre-pilot plant scale electrochemical flow reactor using active (Ti/Pt) or non-active (boron doped diamond (BDD)) anodes and Ti cathode. The effect of anode material (Ti/Pt or BDD) and the applied current density (16.6, 33.3 and 66.6 mA cm−2) on the decay of the organic matter, in terms of che…
Electrochemical synthesis of sulfamides.
2021
Herein we demonstrate the first electrochemical synthesis protocol of symmetrical sulfamides directly from anilines and SO2 mediated by iodide. Sulfamides are an emerging functional group in drug design. Highlights are the direct use of SO2 from a stock solution and no necessity of any supporting electrolyte. Overall, the reaction has been demonstrated for 15 examples with yields up to 93%.
Metal‐Free Electrochemical Synthesis of Sulfonamides Directly from (Hetero)arenes, SO2, and Amines
2021
Abstract Sulfonamides are among the most important chemical motifs in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, there is no methodology to directly introduce the sulfonamide group to a non‐prefunctionalized aromatic compound. Herein, we present the first dehydrogenative electrochemical sulfonamide synthesis protocol by exploiting the inherent reactivity of (hetero)arenes in a highly convergent reaction with SO2 and amines via amidosulfinate intermediate. The amidosulfinate serves a dual role as reactant and supporting electrolyte. Direct anodic oxidation of the aromatic compound triggers the reaction, followed by nucleophilic attack of the amidosulfinate. Boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electro…
The correlation between electrochemical impedance spectra and voltammograms of PB films in aqueous NH4Cl and CsCl
1998
Abstract Voltammetric curves of reduction of Prussian Blue Films to the Everitt’s Salt form and oxidation to the Prussian Yellow form show important differences depending on the supporting electrolyte countercation. The rate of the overall electron-hopping depends on the countercation. Apparent diffusion coefficients are evaluated from impedance spectra at different stabilization potentials. The dependence of the apparent diffusion coefficients on the stabilization potential can help understand the dependence of the voltammograms shape on the countercation nature.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Carboxylic Acids in Water at Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) Anodes in the Range of Potential of Oxygen Evolution: Detection M…
2013
The electrochemical oxidation in water solutions of selected carboxylic acids (namely oxalic, formic, acetic, maleic, and succinic) at boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes was investigated by polarization and chronoamperometric measurements. In the presence of low concentrations of carboxylic acids, current densities changed approximately linearly with the acid concentrations. Furthermore, when the current densities were plotted as a function of the chemical oxygen demand, a similar response was observed for all the investigated acids with the exception of oxalic acid. For high carboxylic acid concentrations, the linear variation is often loosen and different behaviors are observed depending on…
Electrochemical behaviour of inorganic redox substances dispersed into Nafion® films
1999
Abstract The voltammetric response of a Nafion ® film deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was studied. It was observed that the response is affected by the thickness of the Nafion ® layer. Also, the voltammograms show differences depending on the concentration and composition of the supporting electrolyte solution. The ITO–Nafion ® system can be stabilised by repetitive cyclic voltammetry, and then the inner hydrogen reduction is not detected by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Different substances were dispersed into the Nafion ® matrix in order to study their electrochemical response.