Search results for "Potentials"

showing 10 items of 1072 documents

Gibbs equation in the nonlinear nonequilibrium thermodynamics of dilute nonviscous gases

2003

AbstractThis paper deals with the derivation of the Gibbs equation for a nonviscous gas in the presence of heat flux. The analysis aims to shed some light on the physical interpretation of thermodynamic potentials far from equilibrium. Two different definitions for the chemical potential and thermodynamic pressure far from equilibrium are introduced: nonequilibrium chemical potential and nonequilibrium thermodynamic pressure at constant heat flux q and nonequilibrium chemical potential and nonequilibrium thermodynamic pressure at constant J = Vq, where V is the specific volume.

Thermodynamic stateThermodynamic equilibriumApplied MathematicsNonequilibrium thermodynamic potentialsThermodynamicsThermodynamic databases for pure substancesNonequilibrium thermodynamicsThermodynamic equationsThermodynamic systemExtended thermodynamicsThermodynamic potentialsymbols.namesakeGibbs equationGibbs–Helmholtz equationsymbolsKinetic theoryMathematicsThermodynamic processApplied Mathematics Letters
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Activity of bulbar respiratory modulated neurons and restart of respiration after hypocapnic apnea in rabbits

1980

The activity of respiratory modulated neurons at the end of the apneic pause and during restart of respiration and the diaphragmatic mass activity were examined and both were compared to quiet respiration. Thresholds of mutual inhibition of neurons are unevenly distributed within various phase types of neurons.

Time FactorsApneaQuiet respirationAction PotentialsDiaphragmatic breathingBiologyCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceRespirationmedicineAnimalsRespiratory systemMolecular BiologyMutual inhibitionNeuronsPharmacologyRespirationApneaCell BiologyCarbon DioxideRespiratory CenterMass activitynervous systemAnesthesiaMolecular MedicineRabbitsmedicine.symptomExperientia
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Inter-Model Consistency and Complementarity: Learning from ex-vivo Imaging and Electrophysiological Data towards an Integrated Understanding of Cardi…

2011

International audience; Computational models of the heart at various scales and levels of complexity have been independently developed, parameterised and validated using a wide range of experimental data for over four decades. However, despite remarkable progress, the lack of coordinated efforts to compare and combine these computational models has limited their impact on the numerous open questions in cardiac physiology. To address this issue, a comprehensive dataset has previously been made available to the community that contains the cardiac anatomy and fibre orientations from magnetic resonance imaging as well as epicardial transmembrane potentials from optical mapping measured on a per…

Time FactorsComputer scienceSwine[SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/ImagingBiophysics030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyIn Vitro Techniquescomputer.software_genreModels BiologicalBiophysical PhenomenaPersonalizationMembrane PotentialsDiffusionPurkinje Fibers03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicine[INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image ProcessingOptical mappingMaximum a posteriori estimation[INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical ImagingAnimalsMolecular Biology030304 developmental biology0303 health sciencesComputational modelCardiac electrophysiologybusiness.industryBiophysical PhenomenaExperimental dataReproducibility of ResultsHeartMagnetic Resonance Imaging[INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and SimulationElectrophysiological PhenomenaSystems IntegrationSystem integrationArtificial intelligenceData miningbusinesscomputerPericardium[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
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Induction of apoptosis in human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells by the proteasome inhibitor MG132 and the protective effect of pRb

2003

Induction of apoptosis in human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells by the proteasome inhibitor MG132 and the protective effect of pRb

Time FactorsLeupeptinsApoptosisRetinoblastoma ProteinAntioxidantsAmino Acid Chloromethyl KetonesMembrane Potentialschemistry.chemical_compoundSettore BIO/10 - BiochimicaMG132Caspase 8OsteosarcomaChemistryCaspase 3Cytochromes cFlow CytometryMitochondriaCysteine EndopeptidasesProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2CaspasesOsteosarcomamedicine.drugmusculoskeletal diseasesProteasome Endopeptidase ComplexCell SurvivalBlotting Westernbcl-X Proteinmacromolecular substancesTransfectionMultienzyme ComplexesCell Line Tumorparasitic diseasesmedicineHumansProtease InhibitorsneoplasmsMolecular BiologySaos-2 cellsDose-Response Relationship DrugCell Biologymedicine.diseaseAcetylcysteineApoptosis osteosarcoma proteasome inhibitorsMicroscopy FluorescenceApoptosisCancer researchProteasome inhibitorTumor Suppressor Protein p53Reactive Oxygen Specieshuman activities
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The Formal Redox Potential of the Ti(IV, III) Couple at 25 °C in 1 M HCl 2 M NaCl Medium

2007

The formal redox potential of the Ti(IV, III) couple has been determined at 25 degrees C in 1 M HCl, 2 M NaCl aqueous medium, by emf measurements of a junction-free cell with glass and mercury electrodes. Ti(III) and Ti(IV) concentrations were changed by controlled electrolysis. The mean value of the searched formal potential, in a large range of total titanium concentration, is 9 +/- 1 mV against the molar hydrogen electrode in the same ionic medium.

TitaniumElectrolysisStandard hydrogen electrodeInorganic chemistryTemperaturechemistry.chemical_elementIonic bondingSodium ChlorideTitanium redox equilibria Formal redox potentials Junction-free cells Electrolysis Constant ionic mediumEMF measurementElectrochemistryRedoxAnalytical Chemistrylaw.inventionchemistrylawElectrodeElectrochemistryHydrochloric AcidOxidation-ReductionGeneral Environmental ScienceTitaniumAnnali di Chimica
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The potential sustainable development of health-related tourism in Libya and its influence on the European tourist's attraction : a study in touristi…

2017

This study focuses on sustainable development potential in the health tourism industry in Libya. It attempts to explain the difference between medical tourism and health tourism, for which the country’s natural and human resources are a veritable wealth. Our research begins with the realisation that health tourism in Libya may contribute to the economic development of the country and participate in long-term sustainable development inasmuch as it has fewer negative effects on the environment and the population. Indeed, for the last 54 years the Libyan economy has been dependent on oil. For this reason and others, we believe that sustainable development in the health tourism field is one of …

Tourisme de santéGeographyPotentielsDéveloppement durableSustainable development[SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/GeographyLibyeLibyaHealth tourismGéographiePotentials
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Effect of Chlorotriphenyl Derivatives of Sn and Pb upon Biophysical Properties of Membranes

2009

Biophysical activity of two twin organometallic compounds Triphenyltin chloride (TPhT) and Triphenyllead chloride (TPhL) in their interreaction with model membranes, as well as with yeast cellsSaccharomyces cerevisiae, was investigated. Four measurement methods were used in the experiments: two physical methods (spin probes method and the electric method); two biological methods (minimal inhibitory concentration /MIC/ and yeast survival test). It has been found that the activity of TPhT in interaction with model membranes and yeast cells is distinctly greater than that of TPhL. The activity manifests itself by considerable increase in the fluidity of the middle part of liposome bilayer, cha…

Triphenyltin chlorideTime FactorsArticle SubjectCell SurvivalHealth Toxicology and Mutagenesislcsh:BiotechnologySaccharomyces cerevisiaelcsh:MedicineSaccharomyces cerevisiaelcsh:Chemical technologylcsh:TechnologyBiophysical PhenomenaMembrane PotentialsCell membranechemistry.chemical_compoundlcsh:TP248.13-248.65GeneticsmedicineOrganometallic CompoundsOrganotin Compoundslcsh:TP1-1185Molecular BiologyLiposomebiologyChemistrylcsh:TBilayerCell Membranelcsh:RElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyLauric AcidsGeneral Medicinebiology.organism_classificationLauric acidYeastMembranemedicine.anatomical_structureBiochemistryLiposomesBiophysicsMolecular MedicineBiotechnologyResearch ArticleJournal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology
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ERP denoising in multichannel EEG data using contrasts between signal and noise subspaces

2009

Abstract In this paper, a new method intended for ERP denoising in multichannel EEG data is discussed. The denoising is done by separating ERP/noise subspaces in multidimensional EEG data by a linear transformation and the following dimension reduction by ignoring noise components during inverse transformation. The separation matrix is found based on the assumption that ERP sources are deterministic for all repetitions of the same type of stimulus within the experiment, while the other noise sources do not obey the determinancy property. A detailed derivation of the technique is given together with the analysis of the results of its application to a real high-density EEG data set. The inter…

Underdetermined systemNoise reductionInverseElectroencephalographyDyslexiaEvent-related potentialmedicineHumansChildEvoked PotentialsMathematicsLanguage Testsmedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryGeneral NeuroscienceDimensionality reductionBrainElectroencephalographySignal Processing Computer-AssistedPattern recognitionLinear subspaceLinear mapAcoustic StimulationData Interpretation StatisticalLinear ModelsSpeech PerceptionArtificial intelligenceArtifactsbusinessAlgorithmsSoftwareJournal of Neuroscience Methods
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Reward and punishment: investigating cortico-bulbar excitability to disclose the value of goods

2013

A continuing challenge for neuroscientists is to develop new conceptual tools and methodologies for understanding, predicting and modelling the influences of rewarding/punishing outcomes on human behaviour and decision making. Reinforcement shapes behaviours from the most primitive (fight/flight, ingest/regurgitate, approach/avoid) to complex (buy/sell). Understanding the neural processes underlying reinforcement is critical for understanding economic and social decision-making. Moreover, comprehension of deranged processing and responses to reinforcing stimuli is crucial across a range of psychology fields and society as a whole, including psychiatric and neurological illness, eating disor…

Value (ethics)TONGUETRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATIONPunishment (psychology)Psychopathylcsh:BF1-990CORTICAL EXCITABILITYOpinion Articlemedicine.diseaseCortico-bulbar activtyComprehensionEating disorderslcsh:PsychologyPunishmentRewardTMSmedicineMotor Evocated PotentialsPsychologyReinforcementSocial psychologypsychological phenomena and processesGeneral PsychologyCognitive psychologyNeuroscienceFrontiers in Psychology
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A critical role for VEGF and VEGFR2 in NMDA receptor synaptic function and fear-related behavior

2016

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to be required for the action of antidepressant therapies but its impact on brain synaptic function is poorly characterized. Using a combination of electrophysiological, single-molecule imaging and conditional transgenic approaches, we identified the molecular basis of the VEGF effect on synaptic transmission and plasticity. VEGF increases the postsynaptic responses mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate type of glutamate receptors (GluNRs) in hippocampal neurons. This is concurrent with the formation of new synapses and with the synaptic recruitment of GluNR expressing the GluN2B subunit (GluNR-2B). VEGF induces a rapid redistribution of Glu…

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A0301 basic medicine[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]Cell Culture TechniquesNonsynaptic plasticityBiologyNeurotransmissionHippocampusReceptors N-Methyl-D-AspartateSynaptic TransmissionMice03 medical and health sciencesCellular and Molecular Neuroscience0302 clinical medicinePostsynaptic potentialAnimalsddc:610Molecular BiologyComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSNeuronsNeuronal PlasticityBehavior AnimalGlutamate receptorExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsKinase insert domain receptorFearVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2Protein SubunitsPsychiatry and Mental health030104 developmental biologySynaptic fatigueReceptors GlutamateSynapsesSynaptic plasticityNMDA receptorOriginal ArticleNeuroscience030217 neurology & neurosurgery
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