Search results for "Prevention"
showing 10 items of 1662 documents
Fatty acids and the prevention of ocular pathologies: where do we stand?
2015
Plasmalogens in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy
2011
Neuronal tissues such as the retina contain high amounts of plasmalogens. One of their particularities is to concentrate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) before releasing them specifically. Several data from our laboratory suggest that plasmalogens are involved in the pathophysiology of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. The different experiments were carried out on human patients with POAG as well as on rodent models of glaucoma. They concerned either the identification of specific alterations of plasmalogen metabolism, or the efficacy of PUFAs to prevent retinal damage. The results have shown a loss of several circulating plasmalogens in…
Alcoholic beverages, obesity, physical activity and other nutritional factors, and cancer risk: A review of the evidence
2016
International audience; Purpose: Prevention is a priority in the fight against cancers, especially nutritional prevention. To update the levels of evidence of relationships between 10 nutritional factors and cancer risk, the scientific literature published from 2006 to 2014 was reviewed by an expert group.Methods: Data from 133 meta-analyses, pooled analyses or intervention trials were examined. Nearly 150 relationships between nutritional factors and cancer at various sites were evaluated.Results: According to the evidence graded as convincing or probable, these factors were divided in two groups. Factors which increase the risk of cancer are alcoholic beverages, overweight and obesity, re…
Theories and methods to assess the social cost of occupational risk factors in France : application to the case of occupational cancers
2011
The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the social cost of respiratory cancer attributable to occupational risk factors in France. A summary of the available epidemiological data in the literature is performed. By using the Medline database, a review of the literature restricted to meta-analysis highlights the relative risk data available. The method of Attributable Risks (AR) is mobilized to estimate the numbers of lung, sinonasal and mesothelioma cancer cases caused by asbestos, exhaust fumes from diesel engines, painters, crystalline silica, wood dust and leather dust. We then assess the costs of these cancer cases for the french society using the Cost Of Illness (COI) method. T…
Efficacy and safety assessment of azithromycin 1.5% eye drops (azyter) in peri-operative antibio-prophylaxis for cataract surgery
2009
International audience; Introduction: Background: Endophthalmitis is still one of the most fearsome complications of cataract surgery. The most important pathogens causing post-operative phacoemulsification endophthalmitis are staphylococci. Methods: 85 patients were included in a phase II pilot study. Patients were divided in three groups, group 1 and 3 received either azithromycin 1.5% eye drops or placebo eye drops one day before surgery and for 2 days after surgery and group 2 received azithromycin 1.5% eye drops for 3 days after surgery. Treatments were administered twice a day: one drop in the morning and one in the evening. Bacterial samples were collected three times from the conjun…
Influence d’extraits naturels de romarin sur l’initiation de la cancérogenèse : recherche des mécanismes d’action
2001
Diplôme : Dr. d'Université; L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier l’influence d’extraits de romarin sur l’étape d’initiation de la cancérogenèse ainsi que les mécanismes mis en jeu. Plusieurs extraits de romarin sont utilisés, notammen tun extrait contenant des diterpènes phénoliques (ED) et un extrait contenant des acides-phénols et des flavonoïdes (EHS). Dans un modèle d’hépatocancérogenèse induite par le benzo(a)pyrène (BaP), les deux extraits (ED et EHS) diminuent significativement la formation de foyers prénéoplasiques. L’utilisation de fractions subcellulaires de foie de rats traités avec les extraits ED et EHS, dans le test de Armes, a notamment permis de mettre en évidence une fort…
Perturbations associées à l'épuisement professionnel et attributions causales du stress chez des soignants en services de psychiatrie
2011
La présente étude, réalisée auprès de soignants psychiatriques, propose d'évaluer le burnout en rapport avec d'autres perturbations associées : niveaux d'estime de soi plus faibles dans les différents domaines (S.E.I.), fréquence du stress ressenti (N.S.S.), moindre sentiment de contrôle général (Lumpkin), perception plus négative de l'état de santé général (C.I.D.I.S.), insatisfaction par rapport au travail et insatisfactions dans de nombreux domaines de vie (P.Q.V.S.). D'autre part, il apparaît que le fait de décrire les causes de son épuisement professionnel comme ayant un impact " global " sur son comportement, est révélateur de son épuisement émotionnel et des perturbations associées. …
" LIVING TOGETHER " PREVENTION WORKSHOPS ON RADICALIZATION IN PRISON SETTING
2016
International audience; We aim to introduce a field action set up in the prison field following the Paris attacks (07/01/2015) in order to create a talking and thinking space for new arrivals in jail. This action, based on prevention workshops (N=7), has been hosted each time by a probation officer and a psychologist, allowing about forty incarcerated men to think about each one's place as a citizen. We used intergroup relations framework, specifically of social categorization metatheory (Abrams & Hogg, 2004; Tajfel & Turner, 1979, 1986; Turner et al., 1987), supplemented by theory of social partitions (Castel & Lacassagne, 2011, 2015). The methodology is based on empathy in relationship, i…
Comparación de las lesiones por accidente de trabajo en trabajadores extranjeros y españoles por actividad económica y comunidad autónoma (España, 20…
2008
Fundamento: Aunque el colectivo de personas inmigrantes en nuestro país se ha incrementado notablemente en los últimos años, poco se sabe de sus condiciones de trabajo y de los efectos de éstas en términos de lesiones por accidentes de trabajo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar, para el año 2005, la incidencia de lesiones mortales y no mortales de las personas extranjeras con las de las españolas por actividad económica y comunidad autónoma. Métodos: Los datos de lesiones por accidentes de trabajo (LAT) procedieron del Registro de Accidentes de Trabajo del Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales y los denominadores se obtuvieron de las estadísticas disponibles sobre afiliación a la …
Strategia redukcji szkód w pracy z osobami uzależnionymi od narkotyków i alkoholu
2016
Polityka państw europejskich, Stanów Zjednoczonych, Ameryki Południowej i Australii od kilkunastu lat zmierza w kierunku restrukturyzacji systemu pomocy osobom uzależnionym wdrażając działania, których celem jest ograniczanie szkód zdrowotnych i społecznych wynikających z używania substancji psychoaktywnych. Wiele krajów oferuje dostęp do niskoprogowych programów, czyli takich, w których udział nie nakłada na uczestnika obowiązku utrzymywania abstynencji i stosowania się do wygórowanych zasad i obowiązków placówki odwykowej. Redukcja szkód jest filozofią opartą na pragmatycznych i realistycznych celach pracy z osobami uzależnionymi i użytkownikami. Zakłada, że każda, nawet najmniejsza zmian…