Search results for "RÉCEPTEUR"
showing 10 items of 45 documents
Etude du rôle du récepteur nucléaire CAR, Constitutive Androstane Receptor, dans le métabolisme des lipides et la susceptibilité à l'athérosclérose
2011
The Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) belongs to the subfamily of nuclear receptors NR1. Initially described as an orphan receptor, CAR is activated by a large number of exogenous molecules and acts as a xenosensor. The activation of CAR by these ligands stimulates transcription of phase I, II and III enzymes required for the detoxification and elimination of xenobiotics. Furthermore CAR is also involved in the metabolism of endogenous molecules such as bile acids, bilirubin or thyroid hormones. CAR has recently been the subject of numerous independent studies that have highlighted his involvement in major metabolic pathways including gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis and lipoprotein metabo…
Olfactory neurons plasticity : environment effects during development
2012
In order to investigate the consequences of postnatal odorant exposure on a specific population of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), we have taken the following experimental approach. MOR23-GFP mice were daily exposed to Lyral for 21 days starting at birth and three lines of investigations were carried out. Using anatomical analysis we observe that the density of OSNs expressing MOR23 decreases after odorant exposure. This decrease concerns primarily matures OSN (MOR23-OMP+). In order to study molecular changes within individual OSNs, mRNA levels for olfactory signaling pathway components were quantitatively analyzed using qPCR on GFP-labeled neurons (7 per mouse). mRNAs for CNGA2, PDE1C an…
New insights into the pharmacology of the short-chain free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3
2011
Metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia or obesity, are more and more weighing on public health expenses in developed countries. Despite active research, these widespread diseases remain difficult to handle. Promising new therapeutic strategies against metabolic diseases include the development of drugs targeting the free fatty acid receptors, as key players in metabolism homeostasis. In this context, the current PhD thesis focuses on the study of two G protein-coupled receptors, namely the short-chain free fatty acid receptors 2 (FFA2) and 3 (FFA3). First, we investigated the expression of the two receptors of interest in a variety of cell types. Then, in order to study the phar…
Olfactory neurons plasticity : environment effects during development
2012
In order to investigate the consequences of postnatal odorant exposure on a specific population of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), we have taken the following experimental approach. MOR23-GFP mice were daily exposed to Lyral for 21 days starting at birth and three lines of investigations were carried out. Using anatomical analysis we observe that the density of OSNs expressing MOR23 decreases after odorant exposure. This decrease concerns primarily matures OSN (MOR23-OMP+). In order to study molecular changes within individual OSNs, mRNA levels for olfactory signaling pathway components were quantitatively analyzed using qPCR on GFP-labeled neurons (7 per mouse). mRNAs for CNGA2, PDE1C an…
Postprandial adaptation of intestinal lipid metabolism : role of CD36 and PPAR beta
2011
Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance. The small intestine participates in the postprandial triglyceridemia since both the size and number of secreted chylomicrons modulate lipoprotein lipase activity (LPL). Chylomicron synthesis is a complex mechanism in which the lipidation of Apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) by the Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein (MTP) and the transfer between reticulum and Golgi in which the Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein (L -FABP) is involved are limiting steps. An intestinal fat-mediated adaptation in postprandial period has been demonstra…
Etude de la perception et de la signalisation d'un nouvel éliciteur de l'immunité des plantes
2015
Il n'y a pas de pièce jointe, car certains résultats sont confidentiels SPE IPM UB; Master
Rôle des enzymes du métabolisme des xénobiotiques dans les processus chimiosensoriels. Contribution de deux modèles de perception phéromonale
2009
Diplôme : Dr. d'Université; Résumé : Les individus peuvent détecter les stimuli présents dans l'environnement (nourriture, partenaire sexuel, ...) par l'intermédiaire de processus de chimioperception. Pour être efficace, ces processus doivent être très sensibles, discriminants et éviter la saturation des récepteurs. Dans l'espace périrécepteur, les enzymes du métabolisme des xénobiotiques (EMX), impliquées dans la détoxication en catalysant la biotransformation des xénobiotiques, pourraient avoir un rôle crucial dans la modification ou l'arrêt du signal sensoriel. Pour étudier l'implication des EMX dans les processus chimiosensoriels et particulièrement dans la perception phéromonale, deux …
Characterization of the ligands for the human umami taste receptor
2017
National audience; Among our basics senses, taste and our gustatory system allow us to perceive and recognize essential chemical nutrients present in food. Human can detect and discriminate five basics taste (sweet, bitter, sour, salty and umami) and recent studies proposed a sixth taste for fat. The umami taste is described as a « savory » sensation elicited mainly by L-amino acids and is thought to serve as an indicator of protein rich foods and promote feeding.The umami taste receptor is a heterodimeric receptor composed of the T1R1 and T1R3 subunits. These subunits belong to the family class C G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are constituted by a large N-terminal domain (NTD) lin…
Implication du récepteur 5-HT4 cardiaque humain dans la fibrillation auriculaire : rôle d’auto-anticorps dirigés contre ce récepteur ?
2004
The human cardiac 5-HT4 receptor was cloned in 1997. It is functional only in atrial myocytes where it is positively coupled via Gs to the adenylate cyclase, activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and in consequence phosphorylates a variety of intracellular proteins implicated in excitation-contraction coupling. A number of studies suggest a role for the 5-HT4 receptor in the maintenance or elongation of atrial fibrillation. It is now accepted that certain cardiac pathologies involve auto-immune processes. Antibodies directed against the second extracellular loop of a number of cardiac G-protein linked receptors have been found. The human cardiac 5-HT4 receptor could therefore al…
Des saveurs aux récepteurs : une histoire de goût
2015
Journal AFDIAG Infos = Magazine d’informations trimestriel de l'Association qui paraît 4 fois par an.Les publications sont réservées aux adhérents de l’AFDIAG et aux médecins.; De nombreux sens régissent notre comportement alimentaire. Parmi eux, la gustation joue un rôle déterminant pour orienter nos choix culinaires. Le sens du goût nous est familier et pourtant, il constitue un des sens les plus complexes. Depuis une dizaine d’années néanmoins, de notables progrès ont été réalisés dans sa connaissance, depuis la découverte des récepteurs gustatifs jusqu’à l’identification des gènes responsables de nos différences de préférences gustatives.