Search results for "SARI"
showing 10 items of 929 documents
Fumonisin production by Gibberella fujikuroi strains fromPinus species
2003
Abstract Fumonisins are important mycotoxins basically produced by strains from the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex (with anamorphs in Fusarium genus) which contaminate food and feed products representing a risk to human and animal health. In this work, we report for the first time the fumonisin production of Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon strains associated to edible pine nuts of Pinus pinea. P. pinea is an important and widely distributed Pinus species in the Mediterranean area where their pine nuts are consumed raw or slightly processed in diverse food products. In this work, characterization and further identification of those strains were performed by polymerase chain reaction-restr…
Phylogenetic analyses of Fusarium graminearum strains from cereals in Italy, and characterisation of their molecular and chemical chemotypes
2014
The Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) is a pathogen of durum wheat and other cereals worldwide. The complex consists of at least 15 species that can produce various mycotoxins, including trichothecenes, associated with human and animals toxicoses. In particular, deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and their different acetylated derivatives can be produced by the different chemotypes of the complex. In this study, 90 strains, isolated mainly from wheat in Italy and belonging to the FGSC, were assessed for their phylogeny and their chemotype and trichothecene genotype. Almost all strains of the FGSC belonged to F. graminearum sensu stricto, whereas two strains were F. cortaderiae…
Ciclohexadespipeptide beauvericin degradation by different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2013
Abstract The interaction between the mycotoxin beauvericin (BEA) and 9 yeast strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae named LO9, YE-2, YE5, YE-6, YE-4, A34, A17, A42 and A08 was studied. The biological degradations were carried out under aerobic conditions in the liquid medium of Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) at 25 °C for 48 h and in a food/feed system composed of corn flour at 37 °C for 3 days, respectively. BEA present in fermented medium and corn flour was determined using liquid chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometry detector in tandem (LC–MS/MS) and the BEA degradation products produced during the fermentations were determined using the technique of the liquid chromatography coupled …
Antibacterial activity of the enniatin B, produced by Fusarium tricinctum in liquid culture, and cytotoxic effects on Caco-2 cells.
2011
The enniatins (ENs) are bioactive compounds of hexadepsipeptidic structure produced by several strains of Fusarium sp. The EN B was purified from extracts of Fusarium tricinctum growth on liquid culture of potato dextrose broth (PDB), using a semipreparative liquid chromatography (LC) followed by an analytical LC. The purity and the structure of the isolated compound were confirmed by the determination of the extinction coefficient and with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) study. The pure fraction of EN B was utilized to determine the antibiotic effects on several bacterial strains that are considered normally pathogens of the intestinal tract: Escherichia coli, Enterococc…
Isolation, purification and antibacterial effects of fusaproliferin produced by Fusariumsubglutinans in submerged culture.
2009
To evaluate the fusaproliferin (FUS) production, Fusariumsubglutinans ITEM 2404 was grown in a liquid medium of potato being this mycotoxin purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a C18 semipreparative column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile/H(2)O using gradient conditions. The purity of the fusaproliferin was verified by analytical HPLC, ultraviolet absorbance measurements, LC/MS-MS, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The isolated FUS was shown to be free of impurities and can be used as a standard for routine analysis. The pure fusaproliferin was utilized to study the biological activity on Escherichiacoli and Staphylococcusaureus. This study demostred that FUS not showed s…
Study of the chemical reduction of the fumonisins toxicity using allyl, benzyl and phenyl isothiocyanate in model solution and in food products
2012
Abstract Fumonisins (FBs) are bioactive compounds produced by several strains of Fusarium spp. which contain a polyketide structure similar to sphinganine. These mycotoxins contain a free amino group that could work as an electron donor and react with the electrophile carbon present within the isothiocyanate (ITC) group. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ITCs (allyl, benzyl and phenyl) on the stability of FB 1 , FB 2 and FB 3 . Firstly, PBS solutions at three pH levels (4, 7 and 9) were prepared and added with pairs of one FB (1 mg/L) plus one ITC (1 mg/L). Then, gaseous ITC was used to fumigate corn kernels and corn flour contaminated with FBs produced by Gibberell…
Occurrence of fumonisins B1 and B2 in Portuguese maize and maize-based foods intended for human consumption.
2007
Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) and fumonisin B(2) (FB(2)) are mycotoxins mainly produced by Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum, which are field pathogens of maize. A survey was conducted on the incidences of FB(1) and FB(2) in both maize and derived products purchased in Portugal. The analytical method involved extraction with methanol-water, clean-up by immunoaffinity column and derivatization with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde. Determination was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with spectrofluorimetric detection, with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) confirmation. The presence of FB(1) and FB(2) was determined in 67 samples of maize an…
Enniatin A1, enniatin B1 and beauvericin on HepG2: Evaluation of toxic effects
2015
Hepatotoxicity of three Fusarium mycotoxins, beauvericin (BEA) and two enniatins (ENNs) ENN A1 and ENN B1, in hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2) were evaluated and compared. Concentrations used were 1.5 and 3 μM at 24, 48 and 72 h for each mycotoxin. Flow cytometry was used to examine enniatins effects on cell proliferation, to characterize the cell cycle phase where the cells blocked and to study the mitochondria role in ENNs-induced apoptosis. ENN B1 treated cells showed a time dependent G1 blockade at both concentrations used. ENN A1 and BEA decreased the apoptotic-necrotic percentage of cells comparing to control and disrupted the MMP as observed by TMRM and ToPro-3 fluorochromes signal. It …
Isolactarane and Sterpurane Sesquiterpenoids from the Basidiomycete Phlebia uda
2012
Three new sesquiterpenoids, named udasterpurenol A, udalactarane A, and udalactarane B, as well as the known compounds hyphodontal and sterpuric acid have been isolated from the basidiomycete Phlebia uda. These compounds represent the first natural products described from this species. The structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Udalactaranes A and B were isolated as mixtures with their respective epimeric acetals. These mixtures inhibited the spore germination of the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum at 10 and 5 μg/mL, respectively, and were active against Jurkat cells with IC(50) values of 101 and 42 μM, respectively.
Cytotoxic effects of mycotoxin combinations in mammalian kidney cells
2011
The cytotoxicity of three Fusarium mycotoxins (beauvericin, deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin) has been investigated using the NR assay, after 24, 48 and 72h of incubation. The IC(50) values ranged from 6.77 to 11.08, 3.30 to 10.00 and 0.004 to 0.005 for beauvericin, deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin, respectively. Once the potential interaction has been detected, a quantitative assessment is necessary to ensure and characterize these interactions, that is, each mycotoxin contributes to the toxic effect in accord with its own potency. Combination of mycotoxins was determined in Vero cells after 24, 48 and 72h of exposure. Isobolograms and median effect method of Chou and Talalay were used to assess t…