Search results for "SENESCENCE"

The Mediating Effect of Different Exercise Programs on the Immune Profile of Frail Older Women with Cognitive Impairment.

2020

Background: Frail individuals experience an accelerated immunosenescence, and exercise has been identified as a therapy to promote a better inflammatory environment. Objective: To analyze the effects of 28-weeks of two different exercise protocols on the functional fitness and immune profiles of institutionalized pre-frail and frail women with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: Participants residing in care homes (n=60, 81±7.84 years old) were randomized into three groups: a chair elastic band muscle-strength exercise (CSE, n=21; 81±4.79), a chair multimodal exercise (CME, n=20; 80±8.19), and a control non-exercise (CGne, n=19; 80±10.01). Both CME and CSE groups performed progressive circ…

Sponges (Porifera) model systems to study the shift from immortal to senescent somatic cells: the telomerase activity in somatic cells.

1998

Abstract Sponges (Porifera) represent the lowest metazoan phylum, characterized by a pronounced plasticity in the determination of cell lineages. In a first approach to elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling the switch from the cell lineage with a putative indefinite growth capacity to senescent, somatic cells, the activity of the telomerase as an indicator for immortality has been determined. The studies were performed with the marine demosponges Suberites domuncula and Geodia cydonium . It was found that the activity for the telomerase in the tissue of both sponges is high; a quantitative analysis revealed that the extract from S. domuncula contained 10.3 TPG units per 5000 cell e…

Cell cycle: Aetiology of age-associated aneuploidy: a mechanism based on the 'free radical theory of ageing'

1995

A general model is put forward to explain the mechanism by which age-associated aneuploidies are produced. This is based on the free radical theory of ageing, which assumes a rise in oxidative stress with age. It is proposed that determination of indicators of oxidative stress in oocytes from various sources could be a first step in the testing of this hypothesis.

MAD2 depletion triggers premature cellular senescence in human primary fibroblasts by activating a P53 pathway preventing aneuploid cells propagation.

2012

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a cellular surveillance mechanism that ensures faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis and its failure can result in aneuploidy. Previously, it was suggested that reduction of the MAD2 gene, encoding a major component of the SAC, induced aneuploidy in human tumor cells. However, tumor cell lines contain multiple mutations that might affect or exacerbate the cellular response to Mad2 depletion. Thus, the scenario resulting by Mad2 depletion in primary human cells could be different and more complex that the one depicted so far. We used primary human fibroblasts (IMR90) and epithelial breast cells (MCF10A) to gain further insight on the effects …

Never cared for what they do. High structural stability of Guanine-quadruplexes in presence of strand-break damages

2021

AbstractDNA integrity is an important factor to assure genome stability and, more generally, cells and organisms’ viability. In presence of DNA damage, the normal cell cycle is perturbed while cells activate their repair processes. Although efficient, the repair system is not always able to ensure the complete restoration of gene integrity. In these cases, not only mutations may occur, but the accumulation of lesions can either lead to carcinogenesis or reach a threshold which induces apoptosis and the programmed cell death. Among the different types of DNA lesions, strand breaks produced by ionizing radiations are the most toxic, due to their inherently difficult repair, which may lead to …

Aging Successfully: The Role of Genetics and Environment in the Era of the Aging-Boom. Potential Therapeutic Implications

2019

Aging is one of the main health-related challenges in the world. The average life expectancy of the global population at birth is increasing up to 72 years, in 2016 and it increases about two years every decade. The healthcare costs in many countries are very high because of the increased number of unhealthy populations, and the consequent increase of severe age-related disabilities [1]. Therefore, the goal of the future should be the achievement of the so-called “health-span” (healthy-life-span), more than the treatment of age-related disease to prevent the collapse of the health system. In order to achieve this objective, it is necessary to identify new targets and biomarkers and to addre…

Genotypic and phenotypic aspects of longevity: results from a Sicilian survey and implication for the prevention and the treatment of age-related dis…

2019

Background:It is well known that long living individuals are a model of successful ageing and that the identification of both genetic variants and environmental factors that predispose to a long and healthy life is of tremendous interest for translational medicine.Methods:We present the preliminary findings obtained from an ongoing study on longevity conducted on a sample of Sicilian long-lived individuals.Results:We review the characteristics of longevity in Sicily, taking into account lifestyle, environment, genetics, hematochemical values, body composition and immunophenotype. In addition, we discuss the possible implications of our data for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related…

2004

In the elderly, many alterations of both innate and clonotypic immunity have been described. Alterations to the immune system in the elderly are generally viewed as a deterioration of immunity, leading to the use of the term immunosenescence. However, although many immunological parameters are often notably reduced in the elderly, retained function of both innate and clonotypic immunity in the elderly is tightly correlated to health status. Recognising the important role of the immune system in ageing, over the last few years, journals oriented towards gerontology and geriatric sciences have increasingly published articles dealing with the immunology of ageing, but a specialised journal in …

Biomarkes of aging

2009

Ageing is a complex process that negatively impacts the development of the different systems and its ability to function. On the other hand, the rate of ageing in humans is not uniform, due to genetic heterogeneity and the influence of environmental factors. Thus, the ageing rate, measured as the decline of functional capacity and stress resistance, seems to be different in every individual. Therefore, attempts have been made to analyse this individual age, the so-called biological age, in comparison to chronological age. Age-related changes in body function or composition that could serve as a measure of biological age and predict the onset of age-related diseases and/or residual lifetime …

Centenarian offspring: A model for understanding longevity

2013

Abstract: A main objective of current medical research is to improve the life quality of elderly people as priority of the continuous increase of ageing population. This phenomenon implies several medical, economic and social problems because of dramatic increase in number of non autonomous individuals affected by various pathologies. Accordingly, the research interest is focused on understanding the biological mechanisms involved in determining the positive ageing phenotype, i.e. the centenarian phenotype. In achieving this goal the choice of an appropriate study models is fundamental. Centenarians have been used as an optimal model for successful ageing. However, this model shows several …