Search results for "SOLIDS"

A mathematical approach to predict the solids concentration in anaerobic membrane bioreactos (AnMBR): Evaluation of the volatile solids solubilization

2020

[EN] Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors (AnMBR) are gaining attention as a suitable approach for sustainable low-strength wastewater treatment, as they bring together the advantages of both anaerobic treatments and membrane bioreactors. However, increasing the sludge retention time (SRT) necessary to favor hydrolysis increases the suspended solids concentration potentially leading to decreased permeate flux. Therefore, the availability of a mathematical approach to predict the solids concentration within an AnMBR can be very useful. In this work, a mathematical model describing the volatile solids concentration within the reactor as a function of the operating parameters and the influent charac…

Domain structure of epitaxial SrRuO3 thin films

2005

Growth of multidomains in epitaxial thin-film oxides is known to have a detrimental effect on some functional properties, and, thus, efforts are done to suppress them. It is commonly accepted that optimal properties of the metallic and ferromagnetic $\mathrm{SrRu}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (SRO) epitaxies can only be obtained if vicinal $\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (001) (STO) substrates are used. It is believed that this results from the suppression of multidomain structure in the SRO film. Here we revise this important issue. Nanometric films of SRO have been grown on STO(001) vicinal substrates with miscut $({\ensuremath{\theta}}_{V})$ angles in the $\ensuremath{\sim}0.04\ifmmode^\circ\else\te…

Solids and Hydraulic Retention Time Effect on N2O Emission from Moving-Bed Membrane Bioreactors

2018

Biological nutrient removal was operated at different solids (SRT) and hydraulic retention times (HRT) in order to assess their influence on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from a hybrid moving-bed membrane bioreactor. The observed results show that the N2O production decreased when the SRT/HRT was decreased. The maximum N2O gaseous concentration was measured in the aerobic reactor at the end of phase I, and it decreased through phases II and III. From mass balances over the reactors of the system, the aerated (aerobic and membrane) reactors were the largest producers of N2O, showing that the greater part of N2O was produced during the nitrification process.

Laser-driven quantum magnonics and terahertz dynamics of the order parameter in antiferromagnets

2017

The impulsive generation of two-magnon modes in antiferromagnets by femtosecond optical pulses, so-called femto-nanomagnons, leads to coherent longitudinal oscillations of the antiferromagnetic order parameter that cannot be described by a thermodynamic Landau-Lifshitz approach. We argue that this dynamics is triggered as a result of a laser-induced modification of the exchange interaction. In order to describe the oscillations we have formulated a quantum mechanical description in terms of magnon pair operators and coherent states. Such an approach allowed us to} derive an effective macroscopic equation of motion for the temporal evolution of the antiferromagnetic order parameter. An impli…

The MuPix high voltage monolithic active pixel sensor for the Mu3e experiment

2015

Mu3e is a novel experiment searching for charged lepton flavor violation in the rare decay μ → eee. In order to reduce background by up to 16 orders of magnitude, decay vertex position, decay time and particle momenta have to be measured precisely. A pixel tracker based on 50 μm thin high voltage monolithic active pixel sensors (HV-MAPS) in a magnetic field will deliver precise vertex and momentum information. Test beam results like an excellent efficiency of >99.5% and a time resolution of better than 16.6 ns obtained with the MuPix HV-MAPS chip developed for the Mu3e pixel tracker are presented.

Sound attenuation and anharmonic damping in solids with correlated disorder

2010

We study via self-consistent Born approximation a model for sound waves in a disordered environment, in which the local fluctuations of the shear modulus G are spatially correlated with a certain correlation length The theory predicts an enhancement of the density of states over Debye's omega(2) law (boson peak) whose intensity increases for increasing correlation length, and whose frequency position is shifted downwards as lg. Moreover, the predicted disorder-induced sound attenuation coefficient r(k) obeys a universal scaling law F(k) = f (ke) for a given variance of G. Finally, the inclusion of the lowest-order contribution to the anharmonic sound damping into the theory allows us to rec…

Quality Standards for Recycled Water: Opuntia ficus-indica as Sorbent Material

2017

In recent years, increased industrial and agricultural activities and the correlated population growth led to overexploitation of natural resources and the increased generation of various types of pollutants. For these reasons, the hazardous pollution of wastewater is one of the most important environmental problems worldwide. A wide range of wastewater treatment technologies are available; however, some disadvantages are often reported. Hence, there is a constant need to search for an efficient, low-cost and alternative wastewater treatment. Recently, several biosolids have been considered for pollutant removal from wastewaters, including Opuntia ficus-indica. This chapter focuses on waste…

An Integrative Approach to Assess the Environmental Impacts of Gold Mining Contamination in the Amazon

2021

As the number of legal and illegal gold mining sites increases in the Andes–Amazonia region, integrative methods to evaluate the effects of mining pollution on freshwater ecosystems are of paramount importance. Here, we sampled water and sediments in 11 sites potentially affected by gold mining activities in the Napo province (Ecuador). The environmental impacts were evaluated using the following lines of evidence (LOEs): water physicochemical parameters, metal exposure concentrations, macroinvertebrate community response (AAMBI), and toxicity by conducting bioassays with Lactuca sativa and Daphnia magna. Dissolved oxygen and total suspended solids were under (130 mg/Ls) quality standards 6…

Laser Pulse Storage and Population Transfer in Solids Without Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

2008

The impact of effluents of Pitkäranta pulp mill on the water quality of Lake Ladoga: a model study

1996

The aim of this study is to show the effects of the Pitkaranta pulp mill on the water quality of Northern Ladoga by using water quality models. The effluent loading of the pulp mill with its full production capacity is as follows: Water flow 85 000 m3 d−1 BOD5 2.4 t d−1 Suspended solids 4.1 t d−1 tot-N 330 kg d−1 tot-P 68 kg d−1 COD(Cr) 14.4 t d−1 Org. C 6 t d−1 Lignosulphonates 9.4 t d−1 Loadings of lignosulphonates and organic C are estimations. Lignosulphonate concentrations of 10.5 mg 1−1 have been reported in the region of Pitkaranta. The study area of northern Ladoga near the pulp mill was divided into three zones (I, II and III). The mean depth of each of them is considered as 10 m, …