Search results for "Salinity"

showing 10 items of 374 documents

Cultivation of granular sludge with hypersaline oily wastewater

2015

The time required to stabilise mature aerobic granules is rather variable. In addition, cultivation time and the structural characteristics of granules seem to be related to the nature of wastewater influent. Granular sludge has been used for the treatment of several industrial wastewaters, but nothing has been reported about wastewater characterized by the simultaneous presence of hydrocarbons and high chloride concentration. In this work, the authors analysed the granulation process and performance as well as the physical characteristics of aerobic granules in two Granular Sequencing Batch Airlift Reactors (GSBARs), fed with acetate-based synthetic wastewater in reactor 1 (R1) and with a …

ChromatographySettore ICAR/03 - Ingegneria Sanitaria-AmbientaleChemistryAirliftBiomassPulp and paper industryMicrobiologyChlorideBiomaterialsSalinityGranulationAdsorptionWastewatermedicineNitrificationAerobic granular sludge Hydrocarbons Salinity Granulation Nutrient removal.Waste Management and Disposalmedicine.drug
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CLOSING THE LOOP: STUDY OF INTEGRATED CYCLES WITH NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY, MINERALS AND FRESH WATER

Circular economy Reverse electrodialysis Minerals recovery Magnesium Hydroxide Waste Heat to Power Salinity Gradient Heat Engine
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Salinity gradient engines

2016

Abstract This chapter is devoted to the description of a new class of heat engines based on salinity gradient technology and able to convert low-grade heat into power. The salinity gradient power (SGP) process is employed within a closed loop composed of two different sections: (i) the SGP unit devoted to the energy production, and (ii) a regeneration unit fed by the solutions exiting from the SGP unit and able to restore the initial concentration, thus regenerating the salinity gradient. The main features, limits and perspectives of this novel heat engine are described along with an overview of the state of the art presented in the literature and an example of exergetic analysis of the cyc…

Closed loopEngineeringSettore ING-IND/26 - Teoria Dello Sviluppo Dei Processi Chimicibusiness.industrySettore ING-IND/25 - Impianti ChimiciProcess (computing)Mechanical engineeringExergetic analysiPower (physics)SalinityOsmotic powerSettore ING-IND/10 - Fisica Tecnica IndustrialeRegenerationWaste heatbusinessProcess engineeringClosed loopHeat engineHeat engine
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Salinity effects on asexual reproduction of Carybdea sp. (Cnidaria: Cubozoa)

2014

6 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, supplementary data http://plankt.oxfordjournals.org/content/36/2/585/suppl/DC1

CnidariaBuddingBuddingEcologybiologyMetamorphosisEcologymedia_common.quotation_subjectAsexual reproductionAquatic ScienceSurvival analysisbiology.organism_classificationSalinityBox jellyfishJellyfish bloomBox jellyfishMetamorphosisMixed modelsEcology Evolution Behavior and Systematicsmedia_commonJournal of Plankton Research
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Functional consequences of prey acclimation to ocean acidification for the prey and its predator

2016

Ocean acidification is the suite of chemical changes to the carbonate system of seawater as a consequence of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Despite a growing body of evidences demonstrating the negative effects of ocean acidification on marine species, the consequences at the ecosystem level are still unclear. One factor limiting our ability to upscale from species to ecosystem is the poor mechanistic understanding of the functional consequences of the observed effects on organisms. This is particularly true in the context of species interactions. The aim of this work was to investigate the functional consequence of the exposure of a prey (the mussel Brachidontes pharaonis) t…

Condition indexRegistration number of speciesSalinityTemperateBottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L)inorganicAlkalinityBrachidontes pharaonisIncubation durationExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedAssimilation efficiencyEriphia verrucosaBreaking loadCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totalBottles or small containers Aquaria 20 LtotalpHTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errordissolvedCarbonate ionLaboratory experimentPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)standard errorEarth System ResearchUniform resource locator link to referenceanimal structuresCalcite saturation stateArthropodaLengthwaterGrowth MorphologyFigureBenthosUniform resource locator/link to referenceMediterranean SeaAnimaliaBehaviourBicarbonate ionTime in secondsTypeTemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciespH standard errorCalcite saturation state standard errorGrowth rateBottles or small containers/Aquaria (&lt;20 L)Calculated using CO2SYSfungiCarbonate system computation flagFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonTreatmentAragonite saturation state standard errorPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideMolluscaGrowth/MorphologyBenthic animalsFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoast and continental shelfSpecies interaction
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Cathodic reduction of hexavalent chromium coupled with electricity generation achieved by reverse-electrodialysis processes using salinity gradients

2014

Abstract A new approach for the simultaneous generation of electric energy and the treatment of waters contaminated by recalcitrant pollutants using salinity gradients was proposed. Reverse electrodialysis allows for the generation of electric energy from salinity gradients. Indeed, the utilization of different salt concentrations gives a potential difference between the electrodes which allows the generation of electric energy by using suitable electrolytes and an external circuit. The simultaneous generation of electric energy and the treatment of waters contaminated by Cr(VI) was successfully achieved for the first time by reverse electrodialysis processes using salinity gradients and pr…

Cr(VI)ChemistrySupporting electrolyteGeneral Chemical EngineeringElectrolytesalinity gradientVolumetric flow rateSalinitychemistry.chemical_compoundElectricity generationChemical engineeringStack (abstract data type)Waste water treatmentenergy generationEnvironmental chemistryReversed electrodialysisElectrochemistryreverse electrodialisyHexavalent chromium
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Assessing Hydrus-2D to Simulate Soil Water Content (SWC) and Salt Accumulation Under an SDI System: Application to a Potato Crop in a Semi-Arid Area …

2015

In this paper the suitability of the HYDRUS-2D model to simulate volumetric soil water content in the root zone of a potato crop under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is initially assessed on the basis of a field study. Then, considering that the crop is moderately sensitive to soil salinity, the model is tested to predict the salt distribution around a buried emitter, when two different water qualities (i.e. electrical conductivity of 1.0 and 4.0 dS m-1) are used during the growing season (treatments T1 and T2). Finally, the soil volume in which salt accumulates is distinguished by the model for the two treatments, for which the respective yields are not significantly different. The resul…

CropHydrusSoil salinityAgronomySoil waterArid areaSoil ScienceEnvironmental scienceDrip irrigationAgronomy and Crop ScienceLeaching modelTranspirationIrrigation and Drainage
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Differential salinity-induced variations in the activity of H+-pumps and Na+/H+ antiporters that are involved in cytoplasm ion homeostasis as a funct…

2011

The characterisation of cellular responses to salinity in staple crops is necessary for the reliable identification of physiological markers of salinity tolerance. Under saline conditions, variations in proton gradients that are generated by membrane-bound H⁺ pumps are crucial for maintaining cytoplasm homeostasis. We examined short (15 h) and longer term effects (4 days) of NaCl stress on the H⁺ pumping activities that are associated with the plasma membrane (P-ATPase) and the tonoplast (V-ATPase and V-PPase) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus lines that displayed different levels of NaCl tolerance and were established from two japonica rice cultivars. The applied stress conditions were base…

CytoplasmSalinitySodium-Hydrogen ExchangersGenotypePhysiologyAntiporterPlant ScienceVacuoleSodium ChlorideBiologyCell Linechemistry.chemical_compoundSpecies SpecificityStress PhysiologicalBotanyGeneticsHomeostasisAdenosine TriphosphatasesOryza sativaHydrolysisCell MembraneSodiumfood and beveragesBiological TransportOryzaSalt ToleranceProton PumpsPlants Genetically ModifiedGenetically modified riceEnzyme ActivationSalinityIon homeostasischemistryCytoplasmBiophysicsX-GlucPlant Physiology and Biochemistry
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Calcification is not the Achilles'heel of cold-water corals in an acidifying ocean

2015

Ocean acidification is thought to be a major threat to coral reefs: laboratory evidence and CO2 seep research has shown adverse effects on many coral species, although a few are resilient. There are concerns that cold-water corals are even more vulnerable as they live in areas where aragonite saturation (Omega ara) is lower than in the tropics and is falling rapidly due to CO2 emissions. Here, we provide laboratory evidence that net (gross calcification minus dissolution) and gross calcification rates of three common cold-water corals, Caryophyllia smithii, Dendrophyllia cornigera, and Desmophyllum dianthus, are not affected by pCO2 levels expected for 2100 (pCO2 1058 µatm, Omega ara 1.29),…

Dissolution rateOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateIdentificationSalinityBicarbonate ion standard deviationinorganicAlkalinity total standard deviationAlkalinityExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateRespiration rate oxygenAlkalinity totaltotalDesmophyllum dianthuspHRespirationTemperatureCalcification rate of calcium carbonatedissolvedLaboratory experimentCarbonate ionDeep seaPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Field experimentCarbon dioxide standard deviationTemperature water standard deviationContainers and aquaria 20 1000 L or 1 m 2Respiration rateEarth System ResearchContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or &lt; 1 m**2)standard deviationCalcification/DissolutionPotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation statePotentiometricwaterPartial pressure of carbon dioxideCaryophyllia smithiiContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2)Dendrophyllia cornigeraFigureAragonite saturation state standard deviationBenthosCnidariaOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaAnimaliaBicarbonate ionCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciesCalculated using CO2SYSfungiEvent labelDeep-seaPartial pressure of carbon dioxide standard deviationCarbonate system computation flagpH standard deviationCarbonate ion standard deviationbiochemical phenomena metabolism and nutritionFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonTreatmentPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideSingle speciesCalcification DissolutionFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airBenthic animalsoxygen
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Phytoplankton in extreme environments: importance and consequences of habitat permanency

2020

AbstractThere is hardly any sunshine exposed surface on this Earth, be it water or terrain, which would not support some biota. Still, many habitats offer harsh conditions requiring specialized physiological adaptations to survive. These environments are referred to as extremes; often inhabited by extremophilic organisms. In this review, characteristic species and assemblage properties of phytoplankton inhabiting extreme environments (especially lakes and pools where planktic life is potentially possible and independently of their origin) in terms of alkalinity, acidity, DOC, salinity, temperature, light and mixing regime will be outlined. Lakes characterized by more than a single extreme a…

DiversitySalinityLightEcologyEcological equilibriumEphemeral keyAcidityFood websBiotaAquatic ScienceDOCSalinityHabitatPhytoplanktonPhytoplanktonSettore BIO/03 - Botanica Ambientale E ApplicataEnvironmental scienceExtreme environmentMicrobial loopApex predator
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