Search results for "Sensory system"
showing 10 items of 1266 documents
Longitudinal Changes in Familiarity, Free and Cued Odor Identification, and Edibility Judgments for Odors in Aging Individuals.
2015
This longitudinal study investigated changes in olfaction as assessed by a set of tasks requiring different aspects of semantic information in normal aging individuals. Using 16 odorous items from a standardized olfactory test, the Scandinavian Odor Identification Test, 107 middle aged and older adults were assessed up to three times over a period of 6.5 years, requesting them to rate familiarity and edibility for each odorous item before identifying it with or without presenting verbal cues. Using linear mixed models, the longitudinal analyses revealed significant correlations between all olfactory measures. Furthermore, we found an almost parallel age-related decline in all olfactory task…
Deep sclerectomy versus punch trabeculectomy: effect of low-dosage mitomycin C.
2004
<i>Purpose:</i> To compare IOP behavior after deep sclerectomy (DS) and trabeculectomy with the Crozafon-De Laage Punch (TP), using low-dosage intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) in both techniques. <i>Methods:</i> The study was a prospective randomized clinical trial. All patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were scheduled for glaucoma surgery. Forty patients were randomized to undergo either a nonpenetrating DS with MMC (DSMMC) (19 eyes) or a TP with MMC (TPMMC) (21 eyes). Postoperative examinations were performed at the 1st day, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks and the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th months. Postoperative complications, number of antiglaucoma med…
Contrast sensitivity after implantation of a spherical versus an aspherical intraocular lens in biaxial microincision cataract surgery.
2007
Purpose To determine whether implantation of a microincision intraocular lens (IOL) with a modified anterior surface, designed to compensate for the positive spherical aberration of the cornea in eyes of cataract patients, results in improved pseudophakic quality of vision in pseudophakic eyes after biaxial microincision phacoemulsification. Setting Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany. Methods In a nonrandomized parallel cohort investigation, the visual performance of 52 eyes of 52 patients unilaterally implanted with the aspherical Acri.Smart 36 A IOL (Acri.Tec) were compared with those of 25 eyes of 25 age-matched patients unilaterally implanted with…
Relationship between Fundamental Motor Skills and Physical Activity in 4-Year-Old Preschool Children
2013
This study evaluated the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and fundamental motor skills in 4-year-old children. Physical activity was monitored in 20 girls and 17 boys over 5 consecutive days (3 days at preschool and 2 days at home) and their fundamental motor skills measured. Multiple linear regressions controlled for sex, age, and body mass index indicated that the total skill score was significantly associated with physical activity, explaining 13%, 16%, and 16% of the variance in total, moderate-to-vigorous, and light-to-vigorous physical activity, respectively. Sliding and galloping were significantly associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, a…
Auditory event-related potentials at preschool age in children born very preterm.
2014
Abstract Objective To assess auditory event-related potentials at preschool age in children born very preterm (VP, 27.4±1.9 gestational weeks, n =70) with a high risk of cognitive dysfunction. Methods We used an oddball paradigm consisting of a standard tone randomly replaced by one of three infrequent deviants (differing in frequency, sound direction or duration). Results The P1 and N2 latencies were inversely correlated to age (50–63months) both in VP ( r =−0.451, p r =−0.305, p= 0.01, respectively) and term born controls (TC; n =15). VP children had smaller P1 than near-term ( n =12) or TC (1.70±0.17μV vs 2.68±0.41 and 2.92±0.43, respectively; p Conclusions Our data suggest a fast matura…
Habituation or lack of habituation: What is really lacking in migraine?
2015
Migraine is very prevalent disease with consistent disability and socioeconomic burden (Lipton et al., 2007). Despite intensive research effort, particularly in last decades, allowing significant insight in many aspects of the disease, its precise pathophysiological bases remain still to be defined. One influential view suggests that dysfunctions in sensory information processing could play a critical role (de Tommaso et al., 2014). In this frame a relevant phenomenological marker is considered the inability of migraine patients to habituate to repeated sensory stimulation.
Clinical presentation of strokes confined to the insula: a systematic review of literature
2021
Abstract Background and purpose The insular cortex serves a wide variety of functions in humans, ranging from sensory and affective processing to high-level cognition. Hence, insular dysfunction may result in several different presentations. Ischemic strokes limited to the insular territory are rare and deserve a better characterization, to be quickly recognized and to receive appropriate treatment (e.g. thrombolysis). Methods We reviewed studies on patients with a first-ever acute stroke restricted to the insula. We searched in the Medline database the keywords “insular stroke” and “insular infarction”, to identify previously published cases. Afterwards, the results were divided depending …
Increased muscle sympathetic nerve activity and impaired baroreflex control in isolated REM-sleep behavior disorder.
2021
Changes in baroreflex sensitivity have been reported in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). We sought to investigate the hypothesis that patients with isolated rapid eye movement (REM)-sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), known to be a prodromal stage for PD, will show abnormalities in baroreflex control.Ten iRBD patients were compared to 10 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Their cardiovascular parameters and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were evaluated at rest and during baroreflex stimulation.MSNA at rest was higher in iRBD patients (burst frequency [BF]: 44 ± 3 bursts/min; burst incidence [BI]: 60 ± 8 bursts/100 heartbeats) as compared to the controls (BF: 29 ±…
Transcriptional regulation of nucleoredoxin-like genes takes place on a daily basis in the retina and pineal gland of rats.
2015
AbstractThe nucleoredoxin-like gene Nxnl1 (Txnl6) and its paralogue Nxnl2 encode the rod-derived cone viability factors (RdCVF and RdCVF2), which increase the resistance to photooxidative damage and have therapeutic potential for the survival of cones in retinitis pigmentosa. In this study, the transcription of Nxnl genes was investigated as a function of the day/night cycle in rats. The transcript levels of Nxnl1 and Nxnl2 were seen to display daily rhythms with steadily increasing values during the light phase and peak expression around dark onset in preparations of whole retina, photoreceptor cells and—but only in regard to Nxnl1—in photoreceptor-related pinealocytes. The cycling of Nxnl…
Decision making for solitary vestibular schwannoma and contralateral Meniere's disease.
2007
The existence of dual inner ear pathology such as unilateral Meniere’s disease (MD) with a contralateral vestibular schwannoma (VS) is very rare, but provides the otologist with a significant management dilemma. In this study, we present 5 cases of unilateral disabling MD with a contralateral VS in the better hearing ear. Conservative management of the VS is mandated unless there are impending complications, with management directed toward controlling the vertigo attributed to MD. If and when the VS requires intervention, or the hearing in that ear deteriorates to unserviceable levels, cochlear implant of the ear affected by MD prior to addressing the VS provides optimal management.