Search results for "Small Interfering"
showing 10 items of 249 documents
Interaction of syntenin-1 and the NG2 proteoglycan in migratory oligodendrocyte precursor cells.
2008
Migration of oligodendrocyte precursors along axons is a necessary prerequisite for myelination, but little is known about underlying mechanisms. NG2 is a large membrane proteoglycan implicated in oligodendrocyte migration. Here we show that a PDZ domain protein termed syntenin-1 interacts with NG2 and that syntenin-1 is necessary for normal rates of migration. The association of syntenin-1 with NG2, identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen, was confirmed by colocalization of both proteins within processes of oligodendroglial precursor cells and by coimmunoprecipitation from cell extracts. Syntenin-1 also colocalizes with NG2 in "co-capping" assays, demonstrating a lateral association of bot…
Inverted and mirror repeats in model nucleotide sequences.
2007
We analytically and numerically study the probabilistic properties of inverted and mirror repeats in model sequences of nucleic acids. We consider both perfect and non-perfect repeats, i.e. repeats with mismatches and gaps. The considered sequence models are independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) sequences, Markov processes and long range sequences. We show that the number of repeats in correlated sequences is significantly larger than in i.i.d. sequences and that this discrepancy increases exponentially with the repeat length for long range sequences.
The Ras/Raf-1/MEK1/ERK Signaling Pathway Coupled to Integrin Expression Mediates Cholinergic Regulation of Keratinocyte Directional Migration
2005
The physiologic mechanisms that determine directionality of lateral migration are a subject of intense research. Galvanotropism in a direct current (DC) electric field represents a natural model of cell re-orientation toward the direction of future migration. Keratinocyte migration is regulated through both the nicotinic and muscarinic classes of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors. We sought to identify the signaling pathway mediating the cholinergic regulation of chemotaxis and galvanotropism. The pharmacologic and molecular modifiers of the Ras/Raf-1/MEK1/ERK signaling pathway altered both chemotaxis toward choline and galvanotropism toward the cathode in a similar way, indicating that the sam…
Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex-Type Mutations Alter the Dynamics of the Keratin Cytoskeleton and Reveal a Contribution of Actin to the Transport of Ke…
2003
Dominant keratin mutations cause epidermolysis bullosa simplex by transforming keratin (K) filaments into aggregates. As a first step toward understanding the properties of mutant keratins in vivo, we stably transfected epithelial cells with an enhanced yellow fluorescent protein-tagged K14R125C mutant. K14R125C became localized as aggregates in the cell periphery and incorporated into perinuclear keratin filaments. Unexpectedly, keratin aggregates were in dynamic equilibrium with soluble subunits at a half-life time of <15 min, whereas filaments were extremely static. Therefore, this dominant-negative mutation acts by altering cytoskeletal dynamics and solubility. Unlike previously post…
Downregulation of KLF8 expression by shRNA induces inhibition of cell proliferation in CAL27 human oral cancer cells
2013
Objectives: KLF8 is a member of KLF transcription factors which play an important tolr in oncogenesis. It is barely expressed in normal human epithelial cells but highly overexpressed in several types of human cancer cell lines. In the present study, we investigate the role of KLF8 in oral cancer and the effects of KLF8 knockdown via lentivirus mediated siRNA infection in human adenosquamos carcinoma CAL 27 cells. Study Design: �e developed a vector-based siRNA expression system that can induce RNAi in CAL 27 oral canDesign: �e developed a vector-based siRNA expression system that can induce RNAi in CAL 27 oral canesign: �e developed a vector-based siRNA expression system that can induce RN…
Expression of angiogenic regulators, VEGF and leptin, is regulated by the EGF/PI3K/STAT3 pathway in colorectal cancer cells.
2009
Both leptin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are growth and angiogenic cytokines that are upregulated in different types of cancer and have been implicated in neoplastic progression. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism by which leptin and VEGF expression are regulated in colon cancer by epidermal growth factor (EGF). In colon cancer cell line HT-29, EGF induced the binding of signal transducer and activator transcription 3 (STAT3) to STAT3 consensus motifs within the VEGF and leptin promoters and stimulated leptin and VEGF mRNA and protein synthesis. All these EGF effects were significantly blocked when HT-29 cells were treated with an inhibitor of the phosphoinositide…
Insulin-dependent leptin expression in breast cancer cells.
2008
Abstract Pathologic conditions associated with hyperinsulinemia, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, seem to increase the risk of breast cancer. Here, we studied molecular mechanisms by which insulin activates the expression of leptin, an obesity hormone that has been shown to promote breast cancer progression in an autocrine or paracrine way. Using MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, we found that (a) insulin stimulated leptin mRNA and protein expression, which was associated with increased activation of the leptin gene promoter; (b) insulin increased nuclear accumulation of transcription factors hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and Sp1 and their loading on the leptin promoter;…
Bcl-2 is a negative regulator of interleukin-1β secretion in murine macrophages in pharmacological-induced apoptosis
2010
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cucurbitacin R, a natural anti-inflammatory product, has been shown to exhibit activity against both adjuvant-induced arthritis and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions induced by various agents. Previous studies have demonstrated that the effects of cucurbitacin R stem from its inhibition of both cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES Effects of cucurbitacin R were investigated on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Cell cycle evolution was analysed by flow cytometry, detection of apoptosis by DNA ladder, Bcl-2, p21, p53, Bax, cleaved caspase-1 (p10), caspase-9, and caspase-3, cleaved caspase (p17) and interleukin-1β d…
In Vivo Gene-Silencing in Fibrotic Liver by siRNA-Loaded Cationic Nanohydrogel Particles
2015
Cationic nanohydrogel particles loaded with anti-Col1α1 siRNA suppress collagen synthesis and deposition in fibrotic mice: Systemically administered 40 nm sized nanogel particles accumulate in collagen-expressing cells in the liver. Their siRNA payload induces a sequence specific in vivo gene knockdown affording an efficient antifibrotic effect in mice with liver fibrosis.
Cationic Nanohydrogel Particles for Therapeutic Oligonucleotide Delivery.
2017
Short pharmaceutical active oligonucleotides such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) or cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) are considered as powerful therapeutic alternatives, especially to medicate hard-to-treat diseases (e.g., liver fibrosis or cancer). Unfortunately, these molecules are equipped with poor pharmacokinetic properties that prevent them from translation. Well-defined nanosized carriers can provide opportunities to optimize their delivery and guide them to their site of action. Among several concepts, this Feature Article focuses on cationic nanohydrogel particles as a universal delivery system for small anionic molecules including siRNA and CpG. Cationic nanohydrogels are deri…