Search results for "Spectrum"

showing 10 items of 2043 documents

The fragmentation of 5- and 3-substituted thiophene-2-carboxamides under electron impact

1980

The 70 eV electron impact mass spectra of twelve 5- and 3-substituted thiophene-2-carboxamides are discussed with the aid of exact mass measurements and labelling experiments. All mass spectra exhibit pronounced molecular ions. Some isomeric 5- and 3-substituted title compounds can be differentiated by mass spectrometry. The fragmentation is influenced by a strong ‘ortho-effect’ which activates the NH3 elimination. In the other cases the most important fragmentation is NH2˙ loss, followed by CO elimination.

Collision-induced dissociationAnalytical chemistryPhotochemistryMass spectrometryBiochemistryIonMasschemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryFragmentation (mass spectrometry)Mass spectrumThiopheneMolecular MedicineInstrumentationSpectroscopyElectron ionizationOrganic Mass Spectrometry
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Studies in organic mass spectrometry. Part 17—Formation of phenol radical ions by rearrangement of the molecular ions of someN-arylthiophenecarboxami…

1995

It has been shown by exact mass measurements and collision-induced dissociation mass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectra that the structure of the m/z 124 ion observed in the mass spectra of N-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide, N-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiophene-3-carboxamide, N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-nitrothiophene-3-carboxamide and N-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzamide is identical with that of the molecular ion of 4-methoxyphenol. This ion becomes abundant in metastable energy window reactions. A probable mechanism for its formation is discussed.

Collision-induced dissociationChemistryPolyatomic ionMass spectrumAnalytical chemistryFast atom bombardmentMass spectrometryTandem mass spectrometryPhotochemistrySpectroscopyIon sourceIonJournal of Mass Spectrometry
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Antimonic acid hydrate xerogels as proton electrolytes

1993

Abstract Two high stability types of protonic solid electrolytes based on antimonic acid hydrate xerogels have been obtained by the sol-gel technique: Sb 2 O 5 ·(3–4)H 2 O (colloidal) and Sb 2 O 5 ·5H 2 O (polymeric). The first one is a white compact material with conductivity 0.40 mS/cm (298 K) for n =3.7. The last one is transparent for visible light with a conductivity of 0.80 mS/cm. An electrochromic system based on the colloidal gel electrolyte in the form of paste has good performance-more than 10 7 cycles and a lifetime of more than five years.

ColloidMaterials scienceProtonElectrochromismInorganic chemistryFast ion conductorGeneral Materials ScienceGeneral ChemistryElectrolyteConductivityCondensed Matter PhysicsHydrateVisible spectrumSolid State Ionics
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Lipid Droplets: A New Player in Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Unveiled by Spectroscopic Imaging

2015

Abstract The cancer stem cell (CSC) model is describing tumors as a hierarchical organized system and CSCs are suggested to be responsible for cancer recurrence after therapy. The identification of specific markers of CSCs is therefore of paramount importance. Here, we show that high levels of lipid droplets (LDs) are a distinctive mark of CSCs in colorectal (CR) cancer. This increased lipid content was clearly revealed by label-free Raman spectroscopy and it directly correlates with well-accepted CR-CSC markers as CD133 and Wnt pathway activity. By xenotransplantation experiments, we have finally demonstrated that CR-CSCs overexpressing LDs retain most tumorigenic potential. A relevant con…

Colorectal cancerXenotransplantationmedicine.medical_treatmentBiologySpectrum Analysis RamanMiceCancer stem cellLipid dropletOrganelleBiomarkers TumormedicineAnimalsHumanslipid droplets colon cancer stem cellsWnt Signaling PathwaySettore MED/04 - Patologia GeneraleWnt signaling pathwayCancerLipid DropletsCell Biologymedicine.diseaseCell biologyNeoplastic Stem CellsMolecular MedicineStem cellColorectal NeoplasmsDevelopmental BiologyStem Cells
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On the spectrum of linear combinations of two projections inC*-algebras

2010

In this note, we study the spectrum and give estimations for the spectral radius of linear combinations of two projections in C*-algebras. We also study the commutator of two projections.

CombinatoricsCommutatorAlgebra and Number TheorySpectral radiusSpectrum (functional analysis)IdempotenceLinear combinationProjection (linear algebra)MathematicsLinear and Multilinear Algebra
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Integer Complexity: Experimental and Analytical Results II

2015

We consider representing natural numbers by expressions using only 1’s, addition, multiplication and parentheses. Let \( \left\| n \right\| \) denote the minimum number of 1’s in the expressions representing \(n\). The logarithmic complexity \( \left\| n \right\| _{\log } \) is defined to be \({ \left\| n \right\| }/{\log _3 n}\). The values of \( \left\| n \right\| _{\log } \) are located in the segment \([3, 4.755]\), but almost nothing is known with certainty about the structure of this “spectrum” (are the values dense somewhere in the segment?, etc.). We establish a connection between this problem and another difficult problem: the seemingly “almost random” behaviour of digits in the ba…

CombinatoricsDifficult problemLogarithmIntegerSpectrum (functional analysis)Natural numberConnection (algebraic framework)Mathematics
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Browder's theorems through localized SVEP

2005

A bounded linear operator T ∈ L(X) on aBanach space X is said to satisfy “Browder’s theorem” if the Browder spectrum coincides with the Weyl spectrum. T ∈ L(X) is said to satisfy “a-Browder’s theorem” if the upper semi-Browder spectrum coincides with the approximate point Weyl spectrum. In this note we give several characterizations of operators satisfying these theorems. Most of these characterizations are obtained by using a localized version of the single-valued extension property of T. In the last part we shall give some characterizations of operators for which “Weyl’s theorem” holds.

CombinatoricsMathematics::Functional AnalysisOperator (computer programming)General MathematicsSpectrum (functional analysis)PropertyOperatorExtension (predicate logic)Space (mathematics)theorem holdsMathematics::Algebraic TopologyBounded operatorMathematics
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Perturbations of Jordan Blocks

2019

In this chapter we shall study the spectrum of a random perturbation of the large Jordan block A0, introduced in Sect. 2.4: $$\displaystyle A_0=\begin {pmatrix}0 &1 &0 &0 &\ldots &0\\ 0 &0 &1 &0 &\ldots &0\\ 0 &0 &0 &1 &\ldots &0\\ . &. &. &. &\ldots &.\\ 0 &0 &0 &0 &\ldots &1\\ 0 &0 &0 &0 &\ldots &0 \end {pmatrix}: {\mathbf {C}}^N\to {\mathbf {C}}^N. $$ Zworski noticed that for every z ∈ D(0, 1), there are associated exponentially accurate quasimodes when N →∞. Hence the open unit disc is a region of spectral instability. We have spectral stability (a good resolvent estimate) in \(\mathbf {C}\setminus \overline {D(0,1)}\), since ∥A0∥ = 1. σ(A0) = {0}.

CombinatoricsPhysicsJordan matrixsymbols.namesakeOpen unitSpectrum (functional analysis)symbolsSpectral stabilityRandom perturbationResolvent
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A reduction theorem for perfect locally finite minimal non-FC groups

1999

A group G is said to be a minimal non-FC group, if G contains an infinite conjugacy class, while every proper subgroup of G merely has finite conjugacy classes. The structure of imperfect minimal non-FC groups is quite well-understood. These groups are in particular locally finite. At the other end of the spectrum, a perfect locally finite minimal non-FC group must be a p-group. And it has been an open question for quite a while now, whether such groups exist or not.

CombinatoricsSubgroupConjugacy classReduction (recursion theory)Group (mathematics)General MathematicsSpectrum (functional analysis)Structure (category theory)FC-groupMathematicsGlasgow Mathematical Journal
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Thin Points of Brownian Motion Intersection Local Times

2005

Let \(\ell \) be the projected intersection local time of two independent Brownian paths in \(\mathbb{R}^d \) for d = 2, 3. We determine the lower tail of the random variable \(\ell \)(B(0, 1)), where B(0, 1) is the unit ball. The answer is given in terms of intersection exponents, which are explicitly known in the case of planar Brownian motion. We use this result to obtain the multifractal spectrum, or spectrum of thin points, for the intersection local times.

CombinatoricsUnit spherePhysicssymbols.namesakeIntersectionLocal timeSpectrum (functional analysis)symbolsHausdorff measureWiener sausageTopologyRandom variableBrownian motion
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