Search results for "T cell"
showing 10 items of 2228 documents
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for renal cell carcinoma
2011
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a compatible donor has been utilized as adoptive immunotherapy in metastatic, cytokine-refractory renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Since the year 2000, several investigators have established that RCC is susceptible to a graft-versus-tumor effect: they reported that patients with renal cancer may have partial or complete disease responses, in the 20-40% range, after allogeneic transplantation following a reduced-intensity regimen. However, transplant-related mortality is still high in the 10-20% range, and responses are rarely durable. Experimental evidence suggests that donor-derived T cells and natural killer cells are the main mediators o…
Aminobisphosphonate-activated γδ T cells in immunotherapy of cancer: doubts no more
2008
BACKGROUND: Activated V gamma 9 V delta 2 T cells are able to kill most tumour cells because of recognition by T cell receptor and natural killer receptors. OBJECTIVE: We discuss the possibility that the intentional activation of gammadelta T cells in vivo by aminobisphosphonates may represent a promising target for the design of novel and highly innovative immunotherapy in cancer patients. METHODS: The antitumoral effects of gammadelta T cells both in vitro and in vivo have been demonstrated suggesting a new therapeutic approach for translation into the clinical setting. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: V gamma 9 V delta 2 T lymphocytes represent a particularly interesting target for immunotherapeutic …
Generation of TCR-Engineered T Cells and Their Use To Control the Performance of T Cell Assays
2015
Abstract The systematic assessment of the human immune system bears huge potential to guide rational development of novel immunotherapies and clinical decision making. Multiple assays to monitor the quantity, phenotype, and function of Ag-specific T cells are commonly used to unravel patients’ immune signatures in various disease settings and during therapeutic interventions. When compared with tests measuring soluble analytes, cellular immune assays have a higher variation, which is a major technical factor limiting their broad adoption in clinical immunology. The key solution may arise from continuous control of assay performance using TCR-engineered reference samples. We developed a simp…
IL-21 Regulates the Differentiation of a Human γδ T Cell Subset Equipped with B Cell Helper Activity
2012
Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes recognize nonpeptidic antigens without presentation by MHC molecules and display pleiotropic features. Here we report that coculture of Vγ9Vδ2 cells with phosphoantigen and IL-21 leads to selective expression of the transcription repressor Bcl-6 and polarization toward a lymphocyte subset displaying features of follicular B-helper T (T(FH)) cells. T(FH) like Vγ9Vδ2 cells have a predominant central memory (CD27(+)CD45RA(-)) phenotype and express ICOS, CD40L and CXCR5. Upon antigen activation, they secrete IL-4, IL-10 and CXCL13, and provide B-cell help for antibody production in vitro. Our findings delineate a subset of human Vγ9Vδ2 lymphocytes, which, upon interaction w…
Microsporidia and Its Relation to Crohn's Disease. A Retrospective Study
2013
Background: The cause of Crohn's Disease (CD) remains unknown. Recently a decrease in the global lymphocyte population in the peripheral blood of CD patients has been reported. This decrease was more evident in gamma delta T lymphocytes, especially gamma delta CD8+T subsets. Furthermore, a decrease of IL-7 was also observed in these patients. We propose the hypothesis that microsporidia, an obligate intracellular opportunistic parasite recently related to fungi, in CD patients can take advantage of the lymphocytes and IL-7 deficits to proliferate and to contribute to the pathophysiology of this disease. Methods and Findings: In this case-control study, serum samples were collected from 36 C…
Adaptogens in chemobrain (Part II): Effect of plant extracts on chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity in neuroglia cells
2019
Abstract Background Cancer chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments are apparently associated with harmful effects on physiological functions of brain cells. Adaptogens, are known to exhibit neuroprotective effects and to increase cognitive functions in clinical studies. In our previous study (Seo et al., 2018), we demonstrated that selected adaptogenic extracts significantly attenuate cytostatic-induced regulation of more than 100 genes involved in the activation of neuronal death and inhibiting neurogenesis. Neuroprotective and cytoprotective activities of adaptogens rise the question about their possible impact on cytostatic effects of a chemotherapeutic combination of 5-fluorouracil, …
Acquired and Hereditary Angioedema: Pathogenesis and Therapy
1988
There are two main pathogenetic ways by which angioedema can develop. These pathways are completely different and lead to completely different diseases, which may have angioedema of the skin in common. Most cases of cutaneous angioedema develop with involvement of the mast cell and its mediators; especially histamine is considered to play a major role. The exact pathogenesis, however, is not known. This type of angioedema is assumed to be related to urticaria for several reasons: 1 Often it appears alternately with urticaria 2 It responds to antihistaminic drugs 3 The same causes may provoke either urticaria or angioedema
Central role of IL-6 and MMP-1 for cross talk between human intestinal mast cells and human intestinal fibroblasts.
2012
Mast cells (MC) are key effector cells in allergic reactions but also involved in host defence, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and fibrogenesis. Here, we show that human intestinal fibroblasts (FB) suppress apoptosis in human intestinal MC dependent on IL-6. Intestinal FB produced IL-6 upon direct stimulation by intestinal MC in co-culture or by MC mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, tryptase or histamine. MC incubated with IL-6 survived for up to 3 weeks similar to MC co-cultured with FB and MC survival could be blocked by neutralizing anti-IL-6 Abs. Moreover, FB stimulated by MC mediators upregulated their expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), a key fibrolytic enzyme. Noteworthy…
Mast Cells and Th17 Cells Contribute to the Lymphoma-Associated Pro-Inflammatory Microenvironment of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma
2010
Reports focusing on the immunological microenvironment of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are rare. Here we studied the reciprocal contribution of regulatory (Treg) and interleukin-17-producing (Th17) T-cells to the composition of the lymphoma-associated microenvironment of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and PTCL not otherwise specified on tissue microarrays from 30 PTCLs not otherwise specified and 37 AITLs. We found that Th17 but not Treg cells were differently represented in the two lymphomas and correlated with the amount of mast cells (MCs) and granulocytes, which preferentially occurred in the cellular milieu of AITL cases. We observed that MCs directly synthesized inter…
Ability of the T cell-replacing polyanion dextran sulfate to trigger the alternate pathway of complement activation.
1973
Dextran sulfate (DS) consumed C3 in C4 deficient guinea pig serum. This temperature-dependent reaction required Mg++ ions and could therefore be blocked by EDTA. Isolated C3 was not influenced by DS, but serum factors were required for C3 consumption. The C3 proactivator as well as C3 were converted to their activated state by DS in guinea pig and human serum, as revealed by immunoelectrophoretical analysis. DS generated anaphylatoxin activity in serum. It is concluded that DS activates C3 via the alternate pathway of complement activation. This potency of the polyanion might serve as a tentative explanation for its T cell-replacing effect in an antibody-forming system, which was reported b…