Search results for "TOXICITY"
showing 10 items of 2261 documents
High-dose-rate brachytherapy boost for prostate cancer: Analysis of dose-volume histogram parameters for predicting late, rectal toxicity
2017
PURPOSE: To determine the significance of dose-volume histogram parameters for predicting late rectal toxicity (LRT) after single-fraction high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) boost and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred patients with intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer were included between August 2010 and March 2015. Treatment comprised a single-fraction HDRBT boost of 15.0 Gy plus EBRT (46.0 Gy delivered in 23 fractions) or an HDRBT boost of 9.5 Gy plus EBRT (60.0 Gy delivered in 30 fractions) if the seminal vesicles were infiltrated using real-time transrectal ultrasound-based planning. LRT was evaluated every 3 months after…
Acute and late toxicity and preliminary outcomes report of moderately hypofractionated helical tomotherapy for localized prostate cancer: a mono-inst…
2019
Aims: To assess toxicity and clinical outcomes of moderately hypofractionated helical tomotherapy (HT) for the curative treatment of localized prostate cancer (PC). Methods: From December 2012 to May 2018, 170 patients were treated with definitive intent for PC. Thirty-four percent were low risk, 30% intermediate risk (IR) and 36% high risk (HR). All patients received 70 Gy in 28 fractions to the prostate; 61.6 Gy were delivered to the seminal vesicles for IR; pelvic lymph nodes irradiation for a total dose of 50.4 Gy was added in the HR subgroup. Toxicity was assessed using CTCAE V4.0, and biochemical failure was defined following Phoenix criteria. Time-to-event data were analyzed using th…
Pharmacological Screening of DifferentJuniperus oxycedrusL. Extracts
1998
Methanol and dichloromethanol extracts of leaves and stems of Juniperus oxycedrus have been tested for their toxicity, analgesic, antiinflammatory and central effects. Both extracts showed low acute toxicity and decreased spontaneous motility. The methanol extract exhibited an analgesic effect in models of chemical, mechanical and thermal stimulation whereas dichloromethanol extract showed only a significant effect in models of pain induced by chemical stimulation. Both extracts showed a significant antiinflammatory activity and inhibition of the rat paw oedema induced by carrageenin.
Near fatal percutaneous paraquat poisoning
1983
A fatal paraquat poisoning can occur when relatively large areas of skin are contaminated with a concentrated solution of paraquat (Gramoxone). A paraquat absorption takes place of the same magnitude as that with an equal dose per os. In the presence of mechanical or chemical lesion of the skin the percutaneous paraquat absorption is distinctly enhanced.
Effects of manganese injected into rat nostrils: implications for in vivo functional study of olfaction using MEMRI.
2011
WOS: 000298212500007; International audience; Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) is a powerful tool for visualizing neuronal pathways and mapping brain activity modulation. A potential drawback of MEMRI lies in the toxic effects of manganese (Mn), which also depend on its administration route. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of Mn doses injected into the nostrils of rats on both olfactory perception and MRI contrast enhancement. For this purpose, doses in the range 0-8 μmol MnCl(2) were tested. Behavioral items were quantified with and without odor stimulation during the first 2 h following Mn injection. The MRI study was performed after 16 h of intermitt…
A possible biomarker for methadone related deaths
2017
Abstract Methadone (MTH) concentrations in those dying of MTH toxicity totally overlap concentrations where the presence of MTH is only an incidental finding, making it very difficult to make distinctions in actual cases. A biomarker, be it anatomical or biochemical for MTH toxicity is badly needed, particularly if that markers were known to disrupt effective ventilation. Because the brainstem houses the regulatory centers for cardiorespiratory-control enters, it would seem to be the most likely anatomical site to seek abnormalities in cardiorespiratory control. Objective To locate and describe the cells of nucleus of the solitary tract (TS)(NTS) in human brainstem and determine if neuronal…
Antimetastatic Effect of Immunization with Liposome-Encapsulated Tumor Cell-Membrane Proteins Obtained from Experimental Tumors
1995
Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with tumor-derived membrane-proteins encapsulated in sized liposomes (0.2 microgram/mouse) and composed by phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin, significantly reduced the mean values of spontaneous lung metastasis from both B16 (0.7 +/- 0.5 and 1.2 +/- 0.6, respectively) and 3LL (4.8 +/- 2.5 and 7.2 +/- 4.1, respectively) tumors, with respect to control (HEPES) groups (4.8 +/- 1.1 and 19.0 +/- 4.4, respectively). However, no significant antimetastatic effect was observed using free tumor-derived proteins (2 micrograms/mouse) or liposome vehicle alone. Specific humoral immune response after the vaccination was studied by flow cytometry of tumor cells incubated wi…
Protection by Almagate of Ethanol-induced Gastric Mucosal Damage in Rats
1995
Abstract The study was designed to analyse the protective effects of almagate on a model of gastric injury, ethanol-induced mucosal damage, in which acid plays little, if any, role. Pretreatment with almagate dose-dependently reduced the level of gastric damage induced by oral administration of 1mL 100% ethanol. Administration of 12 μmol kg−1 almagate 30 min before ethanol significantly reduced the area of mucosal damage by 65 ± 10%, and the maximum level of inhibition (74 ± 11%) was obtained with 150 μmol kg−1 almagate. Administration of higher doses of almagate (200–250 μmol kg−1) did not result in any further increase in the level of protection against ethanol-induced gastric damage. Adm…
Serial measurements of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) in healthy newborns and in newborns with perinatal infection.
1993
Detection of hearing impairment in early childhood is difficult. We serially recorded transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) to search for signs of ototoxicity in term, healthy newborns and compared the results to a second group of term babies treated for perinatally acquired bacterial infection with ampicillin plus either cefotaxime or plus aminoglycoside. At initial evaluation, in the group of 45 healthy children born at term, well reproducible emissions were observed in all but two children. In each of these two, initially well reproducible TEOAEs were detected in one ear only. At the time of the second recording (mean at day 8.5) excellent emissions were seen in all ears of all…
Phenytoin-induced glutathione depletion in rat peripheral nerve
1995
Abstract Administration of high doses (150–250 mg/kg body weight) of phenytoin (DPH) promote a 40% decrease in glutathione (GSH) content of rat sciatic nerve. This DPH-induced GSH depletion is accompanied with an electrophysiological impairment of peripheral neuromuscular function. H7 (20 mg/kg body weight IP, 30 min prior to DPH), a protein kinase C inhibitor, was able to prevent the DPH-induced GSH depletion only at the lower DPH dose used. This same inhibitor completely prevented the electrophysiological impairment at the lower DPH dose, and only partially at the higher DPH dose used. These results confirm the hypothesis of a DPH-dependent activation of PKC (that might be triggered by, o…