Search results for "TUBERCULOSIS"

Tuberculous aortitis in an human immunodeficiency virus-positive Ivorian migrant: A case report.

2021

We report an unusual case of a 35-year-old Ivorian migrant with an abdominal mass and medical history relevant for human immunodeficiency virus-2 positivity with a CD4/CD8 ratio of 0.63; Mantoux and lymphocyte stimulation tests (QuantiFERON) were positive. 3D-CT images revealed a voluminous non-homogeneous retroperitoneal mass in the right abdominal region presenting no significant contrast impregnation. Thoraco-abdominal aorta presented diffuse-altered morphology with multiple ectasias throughout its course and an aneurysm at the level of the subrenal tract. The patient underwent vascular surgery. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was detected by polymerase chain reaction performed on in…

Missed opportunities for tuberculosis investigation in a municipal hospital in Ghana: evidence from patient exit interviews

2020

Abstract Background We assessed coverage of symptom screening and sputum testing for tuberculosis (TB) in hospital outpatient clinics in Ghana. Methods In a cross-sectional study, we enrolled adults (≥18 years) exiting the clinics reporting ≥1 TB symptom (cough, fever, night sweats or weight loss). Participants reporting a cough ≥2 weeks or a cough of any duration plus ≥2 other TB symptoms (per national criteria) and those self-reporting HIV-positive status were asked to give sputum for testing with Xpert MTB/RIF. Results We enrolled 581 participants (median age 33 years [IQR: 24–48], 510/581 [87.8%] female). The most common symptoms were fever (348, 59.9%), chest pain (282, 48.5%) and coug…

Terapia biologica con infliximab (anti-TNF) nella malattia di Crohn: analisi delle complicanze.

2006

Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy is an important therapeutic addition in the treatment of active Crohn's disease. Although controlled trials have confirmed the efficacy of anti-TNF (infliximab) treatment, serious toxicities related to the therapies have emerged. The purpose of this article was to review the safety profile of infliximab, and in particular analyse the infectious complications, the autoimmune disorders and the theoretical risk of cancer and lymphoma

Role of antibodies in vaccine-mediated protection against tuberculosis.

2022

GRANULOMATOUS MASTITIS DURING CHRONIC ANTIDEPRESSANT THERAPY: IS IT POSSIBLE A CONSERVATIVE THERAPEUTIC APPROACH?

2012

Granulomatous mastitis is a rare benign inflammatory disease of the breast with multiple etiologies such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, foreign body reaction, and mycotic and parasitic infections. In contrast, idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is characterized by the presence of chronic granulomatous lobulitis in the absence of an obvious etiology. Clinically and radiologically it may mimic breast carcinoma and so awareness of surgeons, pathologists, and radiologists is essential to avoid unnecessary mastectomies. Cases of IGM are reported during antidepressant therapy in patients also showing high levels of prolactinemia. In these cases, we believe that surgical excision must be avoid…

Identification of epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16-kDa protein recognized by human leukocyte antigen-A*0201 CD8(+) T lymphocytes.

2002

CD8(+) T cells could make an important contribution to protection against tuberculosis (TB), but the antigenic determinants recognized in the context of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules remain ill defined. Our aim was to identify nonamer peptides derived from the acr/16-kDa antigen. Two immunogenic peptides (p21-29 and p120-128) were identified by their ability to elicit cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells from juvenile patients recovering from TB. Epitope-specific recognition was demonstrated by the lysis of both Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected and peptide-pulsed macrophages, the release of cytotoxic granules, and interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. CD8(…

Granulysin‐Dependent Killing of Intracellular and ExtracellularMycobacterium tuberculosisby Vγ9/Vδ2 T Lymphocytes

2001

Contribution of Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T lymphocytes to immune protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is still a matter of debate. It was reported earlier that Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T lymphocytes kill macrophages harboring live M. tuberculosis through a granule-dependent mechanism that results in killing of intracellular bacilli. This study found that Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T lymphocytes reduce the viability of both extracellular and intracellular M. tuberculosis. Granulysin and perforin, both detected in Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T lymphocytes, play a major role, which indicates that Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T lymphocytes directly contribute to a protective host response against M. tuberculosis infection.

Selective depression of interferon-γ and granulysin production with increase of proliferative response by Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells in children with tuberculos…

2002

Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells can contribute to protective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, although the extent to which and mechanisms by which they could actually protect against human tuberculosis remain unclear. We have previously reported that Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells from tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD)-positive children, either healthy or affected by different clinical forms of tuberculosis, strongly proliferate to different phosphoantigens in vitro, whereas Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells from PPD-negative healthy subjects proliferate very poorly. We report here that Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells from tuberculous children have an increased proliferative activity, but decr…

Decreased serum granulysin levels in childhood tuberculosis which reverse after therapy

2007

Abstract Granulysin is a cytolytic protein of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Serum levels of granulysin are related to host cellular immunity. We used an ELISA to quantify granulysin serum levels in children with tuberculosis (TB), before and after chemotherapy. The study involved children affected by different clinical forms of TB (n=72) and healthy control children (n=150) from the same geographical area and of similar socio-economic background. Serum granulysin levels before the initiation of TB therapy were significantly lower in children with TB compared to controls, with the lowest levels being found in TB patients who were PPD skin test negative. No sta…

Flavonoids from Erythrina schliebenii

2017

Prenylated and O-methylflavonoids including one new pterocarpan (1), three new isoflavones (2–4), and nineteen known natural products (5–23) were isolated and identified from the root, stem bark, and leaf extracts of Erythrina schliebenii. The crude extracts and their constituents were evaluated for antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv strain), showing MICs of 32–64 μg mL–1 and 36.9–101.8 μM, respectively. Evaluation of their toxicity against the aggressive human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 indicated EC50 values of 13.0–290.6 μM (pure compounds) and 38.3 to >100 μg mL–1 (crude extracts).