Search results for "Tobacco"

Shared genetic risk between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes: Evidence from genome-wide association studies

2020

AbstractEating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co-occur. Twin studies reveal shared genetic variance between liabilities to eating disorders and substance use, with the strongest associations between symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN) and problem alcohol use (genetic correlation [rg], twin-based=0.23-0.53). We estimated the genetic correlation between eating disorder and substance use and disorder phenotypes using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Four eating disorder phenotypes (anorexia nervosa [AN], AN with binge-eating, AN without binge-eating, and a BN factor score), and eight substance-use-related phenotypes (drinks per week, alcohol use disorder [AUD], …

Questioning the role of salicylic acid and cytosolic acidification in mitogen-activated protein kinase activation induced by cryptogein in tobacco ce…

2001

Elicitors of plant defence reactions, oligogalacturonides and cryptogein, an elicitin produced by Phytophthora cryptogea, were previously shown to induce a rapid and transient activation of two mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in cells of tobacco [ Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi; A. Lebrun-Garcia et al. (1998) Plant J 15:773-781]. We verified that these two MAPKs correspond to the salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK) and the wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK). The involvement of salicylic acid (SA) in cryptogein-induced MAPK activation was investigated using transgenic NahG tobacco cells expressing the salicylate hydroxylase gene and thus unable to accumulate SA. The larg…

Flow injection Fourier transform infrared determination of nicotine in tobacco

2000

A fully automated procedure is proposed for the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) determination of nicotine in tobacco. The method is based on the on-line extraction of nicotine with CHCl3. Samples, weighed inside empty extraction cartridges, were humidified with NH3 and the cartridges were installed in a flow manifold in which they were extracted with 2 ml CHCl3 for 2 min, then 400 microliters of the extract were introduced into a micro-flow cell using a carrier of CHCl3 and the IR spectrum was registered continuously. The absorbance, in the wavenumber range 1334-1300 cm-1, was measured, obtaining a peak as a function of time. The area of this peak was interpolated on a calibration line es…

Enriched Environments for Rodents and their Interaction with Nicotine Administration

2012

An active lifestyle throughout the life cycle seems to delay cognitive aging and dementia and has also been evaluated as an intervention against addiction to cocaine and other drugs of abuse. In epidemiological studies with humans, it has proved difficult to separate the cognitive, social and physical components from other variables that influence lifestyle. Studies in animal models are useful for evaluating the impact of each of these factors and for uncovering the underlying mechanisms of the benefits of complex environments. Preclinical studies have employed the Environmental Enrichment paradigm (EE) which has been proposed as a preclinical model of positive life experiences in humans. E…

The association between passive and active tobacco smoke exposure and child weight status among Spanish children

2016

This study was funded by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/0041), Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS-97/1102, FIS07/0252,FIS-PS09/00362, 97/0588, 00/0021-2, PI061756, PS0901958, PI14/00677 incl. FEDER funds, FIS-PS09/00090, PI041436, FIS-PI042018, FIS-PI06/0867,PI081151 incl. FEDER funds, FIS-PI09/02311, and FIS-PI13/02187 and FIS-FEDER 03/1615, 04/1509, 04/1112, 04/1931, 05/1079, 05/1052, 06/1213, 07/0314, 09/02647, 11/01007, 11/0178, 11/02591, 11/02038, PI12/01890 incl. FEDER funds, 13/1944, 13/2032, FIS-PI13/02429, 14/0891, 14/1687, and CP13/00054 incl. FEDER funds), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2012-32991 incl. FEDER funds), CIBERES…

A β-1,3 Glucan Sulfate Induces Resistance in Grapevine against Plasmopara viticola Through Priming of Defense Responses, Including HR-like Cell Death

2008

Sulfated laminarin (PS3) has been shown previously to be an elicitor of plant defense reactions in tobacco and Arabidopsis and to induce protection against tobacco mosaic virus. Here, we have demonstrated the efficiency of PS3 in protecting a susceptible grapevine cultivar (Vitis vinifera cv. Marselan) against downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) under glasshouse conditions. This induced resistance was associated with potentiated H2O2 production at the infection sites, upregulation of defense-related genes, callose and phenol depositions, and hypersensitive response-like cell death. Interestingly, similar responses were observed following P. viticola inoculation in a tolerant grapevine hybri…

Increased Cardiovascular Risk Associated With E-Cigarette Use

2017

Bronchiolitis: The New American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines

2008

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in young children worldwide. RSV is an important cause of LRTI in infants and a variety of factors, such as gender, age at admission, gestational age, birth weight, and exposure to tobacco smoke and breast feeding may affect the prevalence of RSV-related disease and, possibly, the risk of developing asthma-like symptoms during the school years. AAP in 2006 formulated the new guidelines on diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis, giving recommendations on different conditions requesting clinical decisions also in terms of prevention.

Microbial community structure in soils with decomposing residues from plants with genetic modifications to lignin biosynthesis

2006

Lignin is a major determinant of the decomposition of plant materials in soils. Advances in transgenic technology have led to the possibility of modifying lignin to improve the pulping properties of plant materials for papermaking. Previous studies have shown that lignin modifications also affect the rate of plant material decay in soil. The aim of this work was to investigate short-term changes in soil microbial community structures when tobacco residues with reduced activity of enzymes in the monolignol pathway decompose. The residues from lignin-modified plants all decomposed faster than unmodified plant materials. The relative proportions of some of the structural groups of microbial ph…

Assessment of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in young adolescents following implementation of smoke-free policy in Italy.

2009

We investigated acute and chronic exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in a cohort of young adolescents using urinary cotinine and hair nicotine testing after recent implementation of Italian smoke free legislation. Study subjects were 372 Italian young adolescents, between 10 and 16 years of age from the principal city of Sicily, Palermo. Urine and hair samples were collected between November 2005 and May 2006, when the legislation to ban smoking in all the enclosed places of employment (including bars, restaurants, pubs) was completely enforced. An exhaustive questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics and active and passive exposure to cigarette smoking was complete…