Search results for "Transistor"

showing 10 items of 234 documents

Resonant Tunneling through a Macroscopic Charge State in a Superconducting Single Electron Transistor

1997

We predict theoretically and observe in experiment that the differential conductance of a superconducting single electron transistor exhibits a peak which is a complete analog, in a macroscopic system, of a standard resonant tunneling peak associated with tunneling through a single quantum state. In particular, in a symmetric transistor, the peak height is universal and equal to ${e}^{2}/2\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\Elzxh}$. Away from the resonance we clearly observe the cotunneling current which, in contrast to the normal-metal transistor, varies linearly with the bias voltage.

SuperconductivityPhysicsCondensed matter physicsTransistorGeneral Physics and AstronomyCoulomb blockadeBiasingCharge (physics)Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall EffectResonance (particle physics)law.inventionlawQuantum stateQuantum tunnellingPhysical Review Letters
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Electronic and Thermal Sequential Transport in Metallic and Superconducting Two-Junction Arrays

2010

The description of transport phenomena in devices consisting of arrays of tunnel junctions, and the experimental confirmation of these predictions is one of the great successes of mesoscopic physics. The aim of this paper is to give a self-consistent review of sequential transport processes in such devices, based on the so-called “orthodox” model. We calculate numerically the current-voltage (I–V) curves, the conductance versus bias voltage (G–V) curves, and the associated thermal transport in symmetric and asymmetric two-junction arrays such as Coulomb-blockade thermometers (CBTs), superconducting-insulator-normal-insulator-superconducting (SINIS) structures, and superconducting single-ele…

SuperconductivityPhysicsMesoscopic physicsCondensed matter physicsTransistorConductanceBiasing02 engineering and technologyCondensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural scienceslaw.inventionlawCondensed Matter::Superconductivity0103 physical sciencesThermal010306 general physics0210 nano-technologyTransport phenomenaEnergy (signal processing)
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Josephson junctions and superconducting field effect transistors based on epitaxial Bi2Sr2Can-1CunO2(n+2) thin films

1998

Abstract Josephson junctions based on thin films of the Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ compound show IcRn products compatible with YBa2Cu3O7−δ samples. Using quasiparticle tunneling experiments we found evidence for a superconductor–insulator–superconductor tunneling process via localized states in the barrier. The Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ compound is investigated regarding possible applications in superconducting field effect devices. We present thin films of four unit cells thickness that are superconducting at 58 K. An inverted metal–insulator–superconductor structure was prepared. From the modulation of the normal state resistance we estimate a carrier density of 7×1019 cm−3 for a superconducting sample. The…

SuperconductivityPi Josephson junctionJosephson effectMaterials scienceCondensed matter physicsCondensed Matter::SuperconductivityTransition temperatureGeneral EngineeringGeneral Physics and AstronomyField effectField-effect transistorThin filmQuantum tunnellingApplied Superconductivity
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Electric-field-controlled reversible order-disorder switching of a metal tip surface

2018

While it is well established that elevated temperatures can induce surface roughening of metal surfaces, the effect of a high electric field on the atomic structure at ambient temperature has not been investigated in detail. Here we show with atomic resolution using in situ transmission electron microscopy how intense electric fields induce reversible switching between perfect crystalline and disordered phases of gold surfaces at room temperature. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the mechanism behind the structural change can be attributed to a vanishing energy cost in forming surface defects in high electric fields. Our results demonstrate how surface processes can be d…

Surface (mathematics)crystal structureMaterials sciencePhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)NanophotonicsmetalsFOS: Physical sciences02 engineering and technologyPhysical Chemistry7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesAtomic unitslaw.inventionMetallawElectric field0103 physical sciencesMaterials ChemistryGeneral Materials Sciencemetallit010306 general physicsta116roughnessCondensed Matter - Materials Scienceta114TransistorMaterials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)Decoupling (cosmology)Condensed Matter Physics021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyphase transitionsCharacterization (materials science)pintailmiötChemical physicssähkökentätvisual_artvisual_art.visual_art_medium0210 nano-technologyPhysical Review Materials
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Layout influence on microwave performance of graphene field effect transistors

2018

The authors report on an in-depth statistical and parametrical investigation on the microwave performance of graphene FETs on sapphire substrate. The devices differ for the gate-drain/source distance and for the gate length, having kept instead the gate width constant. Microwave S -parameters have been measured for the different devices. Their results demonstrate that the cut-off frequency does not monotonically increase with the scaling of the device geometry and that it exists an optimal region in the gate-drain/source and gate-length space which maximises the microwave performance.

TechnologyMaterials science02 engineering and technologyHardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITYSettore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica01 natural scienceslaw.inventionComputer Science::Hardware ArchitectureComputer Science::Emerging Technologieslaw0103 physical sciencesHardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITSElectrical and Electronic EngineeringScaling010302 applied physicsbusiness.industryGrapheneComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKSWide-bandgap semiconductorSettore ING-INF/02 - Campi Elettromagnetici021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyGraphene field effect transistorsSapphire substrateOptoelectronicsField-effect transistorGraphene0210 nano-technologyConstant (mathematics)businessMicrowaveddc:600MicrowaveHardware_LOGICDESIGN
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Graphene Field-Effect Transistors Employing Different Thin Oxide Films: A Comparative Study

2019

In this work, we report on a comparison among graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) employing different dielectrics as gate layers to evaluate their microwave response. In particular, aluminum oxide (Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$), titanium oxide (TiO$_{2}$), and hafnium oxide (HfO$_{2}$) have been tested. GFETs have been fabricated on a single chip and a statistical analysis has been performed on a set of 24 devices for each type of oxide. Direct current and microwave measurements have been carried out on such GFETs and short circuit current gain and maximum available gain have been chosen as quality factors to evaluate their microwave performance. Our results show that all of the devices belonging …

TechnologyMaterials scienceGeneral Chemical EngineeringOxide02 engineering and technologyDielectricSettore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesArticlelaw.inventionlcsh:Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundlawGraphene Field-Effect Transistors Microwaves Oxide Films0103 physical sciences010302 applied physicsbusiness.industryGrapheneDirect currentTransistorGeneral Chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyTitanium oxidelcsh:QD1-999chemistry2018-020-021849ALDOptoelectronicsGraphene0210 nano-technologybusinessddc:600Short circuitMicrowaveACS Omega
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Comprehensive Modeling and Experimental Testing of Fault Detection and Management of a Nonredundant Fault-Tolerant VSI

2015

This paper presents an investigation and a comprehensive analysis on fault operations in a conventional three-phase voltage source inverter. After an introductory section dealing with power converter reliability and fault analysis issues in power electronics, a generalized switching function accounting for both healthy and faulty conditions and an easy and feasible method to embed fault diagnosis and reconfiguration within the control algorithm are introduced. The proposed system has simple and compact implementation. Experimental results operating both at open- and closed-loop current control, obtained using a test bench realized using a dSPACE system and the fault-tolerant inverter protot…

Test benchEngineeringControl; Fault diagnosis; Fault tolerance; Inverters; Power converters; Pulsewidth modulationSettore ING-IND/32 - Convertitori Macchine E Azionamenti ElettriciFault (power engineering)Pulse width modulationFault detection and isolationMathematical modelControl theoryControlinverterInsulated gate bipolar transistorElectrical and Electronic EngineeringCircuit faultFault diagnosisPower convertersFault tolerant systembusiness.industryControl reconfigurationFault toleranceFault toleranceControl engineeringfault diagnosiInvertersPower converterStuck-at faultControl and Systems EngineeringInverterpulsewidth modulationVectorbusiness
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Polymorphism-Triggered Reversible Thermochromic Fluorescence of a simple 1,8-Naphthyridine

2013

The fluorescent behavior in the solid state of a naphthyridine-based donor–acceptor heterocycle is presented. Synthesized as a crystalline blue-emissive solid (Pbca), the compound can easily be transformed in its P21/c polymorphic form by heating. The latter material shows blue to cyan emission switching triggered by a reversible thermally induced phase transformation. This fact, the reversible acidochromism, and the strong anisotropic fluorescence of the compound in the solid state, account for the potential of 1,8-naphthyridines as simple and highly tunable organic compounds in materials science.

ThermochromismnaphthyridinesChemistryStereochemistryfield-effect transistorsSolid-statefood and beverageschemical sensorsGeneral ChemistrylassersCondensed Matter PhysicsFluorescenceCombinatorial chemistrysolid-state fluorescencePolymorphism (materials science)emissionconjugated polymersluminescencepackingGeneral Materials ScienceLuminescencephotocromism
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Biologically inspired information processing and synchronization in ensembles of non-identical threshold-potential nanostructures.

2013

Nanotechnology produces basic structures that show a significant variability in their individual physical properties. This experimental fact may constitute a serious limitation for most applications requiring nominally identical building blocks. On the other hand, biological diversity is found in most natural systems. We show that reliable information processing can be achieved with heterogeneous groups of non-identical nanostructures by using some conceptual schemes characteristic of biological networks (diversity, frequency-based signal processing, rate and rank order coding, and synchronization). To this end, we simulate the integrated response of an ensemble of single-electron transisto…

Time FactorsTransistors ElectronicScienceMaterials ScienceMonte Carlo methodSynchronizationMaterial by AttributeSet (abstract data type)BiomimeticsImage Processing Computer-AssistedNanotechnologyBiologyNanomaterialsComputational NeurosciencePhysicsCoding MechanismsSignal processingMultidisciplinaryQInformation processingRComputational BiologySignal Processing Computer-AssistedSensory SystemsNanostructuresBionanotechnologyElectronic MaterialsProbability distributionMedicineBiological systemMonte Carlo MethodRealization (systems)Biological networkResearch ArticleBiotechnologyNeurosciencePLoS ONE
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Low-Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of High-k SbOx for Thin Film Transistors

2022

SbOx thin films are deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using SbCl5 and Sb(NMe2)3 as antimony reactants and H2O and H2O2 as oxidizers at low temperatures. SbCl5 can react with both oxidizers, while no deposition is found to occur using Sb(NMe2)3 and H2O. For the first time, the reaction mechanism and dielectric properties of ALD-SbOx thin films are systematically studied, which exhibit a high breakdown field of ≈4 MV cm−1 and high areal capacitance ranging from 150 to 200 nF cm−2, corresponding to a dielectric constant ranging from 10 to 13. The ZnO semiconductor layer is integrated into a SbOx dielectric layer, and thin film transistors (TFTs) are successfully fabricated. A TFT with…

ToF-ERDAkylmäfysiikkaantimoniatomic layer depositionoksidittransistorithigh-k dielectriclow temperatureatomikerroskasvatusohutkalvotoxide semiconductor
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