Search results for "ULN"
showing 10 items of 1078 documents
Nucleus incertus—An emerging modulatory role in arousal, stress and memory
2011
A major challenge in systems neuroscience is to determine the underlying neural circuitry and associated neurotransmitters and receptors involved in psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. A focus of many of these studies has been specific brainstem nuclei that modulate levels of arousal via their ascending monoaminergic projections (e.g. the serotonergic dorsal raphe, noradrenergic locus ceruleus and cholinergic laterodorsal tegmental nucleus). After years of relative neglect, the subject of recent studies in this context has been the GABAergic nucleus incertus,1 which is located in the midline periventricular central gray in the ‘prepontine’ hindbrain, with broad projection…
Long term effects of peripubertal stress on excitatory and inhibitory circuits in the prefrontal cortex of male and female mice.
2021
Abstract The impact of stressful events is especially important during early life, because certain cortical regions, especially the prefrontal cortex (PFC), are still developing. Consequently, aversive experiences that occur during the peripubertal period can cause long-term alterations in neural connectivity, physiology and related behaviors. Although sex influences the stress response and women are more likely to develop stress-related psychiatric disorders, knowledge about the effects of stress on females is still limited. In order to analyze the long-term effects of peripubertal stress (PPS) on the excitatory and inhibitory circuitry of the adult PFC, and whether these effects are sex-d…
Individual Differences in Novelty-Seeking and Behavioral Responses to Nicotine: A Review of Animal Studies
2010
Individual differences in the behavioral responses to a novel environment have been proposed as a research tool to predict responsiveness to other behavioral tasks, response to certain events and individual vulnerability to nicotine addiction. In rats and mice, novelty seeking (defined as enhanced specific exploration of novel situations) is a complex behavior confirmed by a large body of neurochemical, endocrinological and behavioral data. We review the main standardized procedures employed to measure the novelty seeking trait in rodents and the ontogeny of this behavior throughout the life-span taking into account that novelty seeking can be permanently modified as a consequence of partic…
Mindfulness, empatía y compasión: Evolución de la empatía a la compasión en el ámbito sanitario
2019
En el ámbito de la atención a la salud mental, la empatía es un aspecto especialmente importante, ya que supone la base sobre la que se sostiene elvínculo terapéutico y se articulan las diferentes actuaciones psicológicas, al facilitar un entendimiento de la vida y de las situaciones de los pacientes. En este sentido, las intervenciones basadas en mindfulness y compasión (IBMC) se han mostrado efectivas para aumentar la empatía en los profesionales sanitarios. Sin embargo, actualmente siguen existiendo algunas inconsistencias en el estudio de la empatía y su relación con mindfulness y compasión. En este artículo, se expone una visión global de estos constructos, subrayando la importancia de…
Impacts of volcanic hazards on rural communities and adaptative strategies: A case study of the Virunga Volcanic Province (Democratic Republic of Con…
2023
co auteur étranger; International audience; Active volcanoes are a continuous threat for several regions worldwide and cause socio-economic and environmental issues, including the Virunga Volcanic Province (D.R. Congo). There, more than 2 million people are permanently exposed to the hazards of the most active volcanoes in Africa: Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira. However, there is a clear lack of information regarding the impacts of these hazards and how they may be affected by social vulnerability. In this study, a household survey based on semi-structural interviews was performed for rural communities in Virunga. This research aims to (i) investigate the impacts of volcanic hazards on rural co…
Part 3. A question of perspective: The association between intrusive thoughts and obsessionality in 11 countries
2014
Abstract A key assumption of contemporary cognitive-behavioral models of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is that obsessional thoughts exist on a continuum with “normal” unwanted intrusive thoughts. Recently, however, some authors have challenged this notion. The present study aimed to clarify (a) the extent that different types of intrusive thoughts in nonclinical individuals are associated with obsessionality, (b) the relative contribution of frequency, distress and control ratings to obsessionality, and (c) the extent that existing findings (primarily from North American or European samples) generalize to other countries in the world. Five hundred and fifty-four non clinical individua…
Análisis del riesgo de exclusión social en el medio rural: el índice Z como solución «lowcost» a la falta de indicadores sintéticos municipales
2019
Tras la crisis de 2008 el estudio de la exclusión social resulta un objeto recurrente para las investigaciones rurales. Pero las aproximaciones habituales suelen emplear perspectivas de análisis macro (como la tasa AROPE), algo inadecuado cuando el medio rural se caracteriza por su heterogeneidad. Si no reconocemos esta, difícilmente se puede lograr la inclusión social de los individuos y/o familias excluidas en este. Luego resulta clave evidenciar las diferencias territoriales de los fenómenos de exclusión social a nivel micro. Para ello trabajamos con la delimitación que de ruralidad emplean los PDR, y tomamos como casos de estudio los municipios de los GAL-LEADER de la provincia de Valen…
Hypothalamus-olfactory system crosstalk: orexin a immunostaining in mice
2012
It is well known that olfaction influences food intake, and conversely, that an individual’s nutritional status modulates olfactory sensitivity. However, what is still poorly understood is the neuronal correlate of this relationship, as well as the connections between the olfactory bulb and the hypothalamus. The goal of this report is to analyze the relationship between the olfactory bulb and hypothalamus, focusing on orexin A immunostaining, a hypothalamic neuropeptide that is thought to play a role in states of sleep/wakefulness. Interestingly, orexin A has also been described as a food intake stimulator. Such an effect may be due in part to the stimulation of the olfactory bulbar pathway…
Spatial risks and complex systems: methodological perspectives
2007
Research on risk and industrial catastrophes question the complexity theories. Besides the concepts of complexity which lead us to reconsider concepts of risk, hazard and vulnerability, we propose to think about more practical aspects, for example the modelling of human behaviour in crisis situations. The link between concepts as critical self-organization, emergence, bifurcation, and the methods in the Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) used to model them is however difficult. In this paper, we present ongoing analysis on the key concepts of risk science, such as hazards and catastrophes. We propose to enrich them with complex systems theories. First, we present methodological persp…
The International Legal Framework on Human Trafficking
2020
Approaching the issue of human trafficking, especially when referring to exploitation for sexual purposes, means dissecting concepts and ‘placing’ ourselves within the current binary scholar debate on exploitation and sex work. This chapter presents a chronological excursus on the several international treaties on the issue of human trafficking, with a particular focus on the concept of sexual exploitation. The author delimitates the concept in order to present a precise definition and exclude potential misconceptions that could mislead the reader, especially when vague concepts are included such as vulnerability and consent. Based on an analysis of the current academic debate, as well as t…