Search results for "Vesicles"
showing 10 items of 482 documents
Hepatitis B subviral envelope particles use the COPII machinery for intracellular transport via selective exploitation of Sec24A and Sec23B
2020
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of liver disease. Its success as a human pathogen is related to the immense production of subviral envelope particles (SVPs) contributing to viral persistence by interfering with immune functions. To explore cellular pathways involved in SVP formation and egress, we investigated host-pathogen interactions. Yeast-based proteomics revealed Sec24A, a component of the coat protein complex II (COPII), as an interaction partner of the HBV envelope S domain. To understand how HBV co-opts COPII as a proviral machinery, we studied roles of key Sec proteins in HBV-expressing liver cells. Silencing of Sar1, Sec23, and Sec24, which promote COPII assembly conco…
Exploration of extracellular vesicles from Ascaris suum provides evidence of parasite–host cross talk
2019
The prevalent porcine helminth, Ascaris suum, compromises pig health and reduces farm productivity worldwide. The closely related human parasite, A. lumbricoides, infects more than 800 million people representing a disease burden of 1.31 million disability-adjusted life years. The infections are often chronic in nature, and the parasites have a profound ability to modulate their hosts' immune responses. This study provides the first in-depth characterisation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different developmental stages and body parts of A. suum and proposes the role of these vesicles in the host-parasite interplay. The release of EVs from the third- (L3) and fourth-stage (L4) larvae a…
Zinc-positive boutons in the cerebral cortex of lizards show glutamate immunoreactivity
1991
Zinc-positive boutons, originating in the medial cortex of lizards, exhibit glutamate immunoreactivity. This finding supports the presumed homology between lizard zinc-positive boutons and the hippocampal mossy fibres of mammals, which are also glutamate-immunoreactive and zinc-positive. Zinc-positive boutons of lizards contain a chelatable pool of zinc located in the hippocampal mossy fibres of mammals. These synaptic systems also contain glutamate, which indicates a possible simultaneous action of zinc and glutamate during synaptic transmission.
Extracellular vesicles in parasitic diseases
2014
Parasitic diseases affect billions of people and are considered a major public health issue. Close to 400 species are estimated to parasitize humans, of which around 90 are responsible for great clinical burden and mortality rates. Unfortunately, they are largely neglected as they are mainly endemic to poor regions. Of relevance to this review, there is accumulating evidence of the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in parasitic diseases, acting both in parasite parasite inter-communication as well as in parasite host interactions. EVs participate in the dissemination of the pathogen and play a role in the regulation of the host immune systems. Production of EVs from parasites or paras…
Timm-staining intensity is correlated with the density of Timm-positive presynaptic structures in the cerebral cortex of lizards
1987
In cortical areas of the lizard, Podarcis hispanica, Timm staining reveals a distinct pattern of lamination. At the electron-microscope level, virtually all of the reaction product is located in the synaptic vesicles of Timm-positive boutons. Using linear-regression analysis, the area density of Timm-positive bouton profiles as well as the numerical and volume density of stained vesicles were found to be closely correlated with the light-microscopic densitometric values obtained for each Timm-positive cortical zone. We discuss the possibility of estimating stereological electron-microscopic data parameters from densitometric measurements at the light-microscope level.
First Symposium of “Grupo Español de Investigación en Vesículas Extracelulares (GEIVEX)”, Segovia, 8–9 November 2012
2013
On the 8th and 9th of November, 71 scientists working in the field of extracellular vesicles from different laboratories in Spain met together in Segovia to present and discuss their research advances in this transformative and catalytic new field in translational biomedicine. (Published: 30 January 2013) Citation: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles 2013, 2 : 20256 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jev.v2i0.20256
Protein delivery by subviral particles of human cytomegalovirus
2003
Direct protein delivery is an emerging technology in vaccine development and gene therapy. We could previously show that subviral dense bodies (DB) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a beta-herpesvirus, transport viral proteins into target cells by membrane fusion. Thus these non-infectious particles provide a candidate delivery system for the prophylactic and therapeutic application of proteins. Here we provide proof of principle that DB can be modified genetically. A 55 kDa fusion protein consisting of the green fluorescent protein and the neomycin phosphotransferase could be packed in and delivered into cells by recombinant DB in a functional fashion. Furthermore, transfer of protein into …
Plant extracellular vesicles: the safe for bioactive compounds
2021
Abstract If researchers within the field of extracellular vesicles are fascinated by the discovery of what was previously defined as cell rubbish bags and are today considered as important vehicles of biological information, it is even more fascinating to understand that each day, through the diet, we come into contact with vesicles from the plant kingdom, a safe for various compounds with different properties. This chapter will, therefore, focus on the description of studies carried out to date on vesicles originating from the plant kingdom. Above all we will describe the content of the vesicles, looking at the proteomic, lipidomic and nucleic acid composition; we will further discuss the …
The revised microRNA complement of Fasciola hepatica reveals a plethora of overlooked microRNAs and evidence for enrichment of immuno-regulatory micr…
2015
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are gene regulators that have recently been shown to down-regulate the immune response via extracellular vesicles in the mammalian host of helminthic parasites. Using the miRNA prediction pipeline miRCandRef, we expanded the current miRNA set of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica (Platyhelminthes, Trematoda) from 16 to 54 miRNAs (42 conserved and 13 novel). Comparing the cellular expression levels with extracellular vesicles, we found all miRNAs expressed and enriched for miRNAs with immuno-regulatory function, tissue growth and cancer. Our findings support the hypothesis that miRNAs are the molecular mediators of the previously demonstrated immune modulatory function of e…