Search results for "Veterinary Science"
showing 10 items of 2359 documents
Small changes, big impacts: Geographic expansion in small-scale fisheries
2020
Abstract Small-scale fisheries are an important, yet neglected, millenarian activity that has been undergoing significant changes that threaten its future. Understanding how this activity is spatially distributed and the factors that drive its use of the marine space over time can shed some light on how fishing efforts and their impacts have moved over different parts of coastal marine ecosystems. This study investigated changes to the spatial distribution of small-scale fisheries along the Brazilian equatorial region between 1994 and 2014 and the factors, from ecological to socioeconomic, that influenced this shift. Bayesian hierarchical spatial models were used together with environmental…
A first comparative map of copy number variations in the sheep genome.
2011
article i nfo We carried out a cross species cattle-sheep array comparative genome hybridization experiment to identify copy number variations (CNVs) in the sheep genome analysing ewes of Italian dairy or dual-purpose breeds (Bagnolese, Comisana, Laticauda, Massese, Sarda, and Valle del Belice) using a tiling oligonucleotide array with ~385,000 probes designed on the bovine genome. We identified 135 CNV regions (CNVRs; 24 reported in more than one animal) covering ~10.5 Mb of the virtual sheep genome referred to the bovine genome (0.398%) with a mean and a median equal to 77.6 and 55.9 kb, respectively. A comparative analysis between the identified sheep CNVRs and those reported in cattle a…
Significance of Various Enzymes in the Control of Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Metabolites Derived from Aromatic Structures
1984
One important early contribution to the control of chemical carcinogenesis is provided by the enzyme pattern responsible for the generation and disposition of reactive metabolites. Especially well studied is the important group of enzymes responsible for the control of reactive epoxides. Many natural as well as man-made foreign compounds, including Pharmaceuticals, possess olefinic or aromatic double bonds. Such compounds can be transformed to epoxides by microsomal monooxygenases present in very many mammalian organs. By virtue of their electrophilic reactivity such epoxides may spontaneously react with nucleophilic centers in the cell and thus covalently bind to DNA, RNA, and protein. Su…
Nutraceutical Value of Pantelleria Capers (Capparis spinosa L.)
2019
Abstract: Unopened flower buds of Capparis spinosa L. (capers), generally used in the Mediterranean area as food flavoring, are known to be a good source of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the nutraceutical value of salt-fermented capers collected from different areas of Pantelleria Island (Italy), testing their methylglyoxal and glyoxal trapping capacity and antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), [2,2-azinobis(3-ethylben- zothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] diammonium salt (ABTS), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Hydrophilic extracts were also characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization/ma…
Water as a Solvent of Election for Obtaining Oleuropein-Rich Extracts from Olive (Olea europaea) Leaves
2021
Leaves from Olea europaea represent one of the main by-products of the olive oil industry, containing a plethora of bioactive compounds with several promising activities for human health. An organic solvent-free extraction method was developed for the recovery of olive leaf phenols, which obtained an extract containing oleuropein in high amounts. A comparison of various extraction media is reported, together with the total phenolic content, DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) content, ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity), and polyphenol oxidase activity of the corresponding extracts. The polyphenol profiles and content of the most representative extracts have also been studied. Extrac…
Morphological characterisation of soil structure in tilled fields: from a diagnosis method to the modelling of structural changes over time
2004
Characterisation of soit structure within the tilled layer of cultivated fields is crucial because the importance of this soil characteristic on the biological, chemical and physical properties of the soil and its repercussions on water cycle, root growth and functioning. We present in this paper a method for field characterisation of soil structure. This method, practised since the 1970s, was designed for field diagnosis of the effects of cropping systems on soil structure. It is based on a stratification of the observation face of a pit dug perpendicular to the direction of tillage and traffic: spatial compartments are distinguished, according to the nature of the mechanical stresses they…
Effect of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller) on the antioxidant capacity of donkey milk
2017
The cladodes of Opuntia ficus‐indica (L.) Miller were fed to lactating donkeys as an alternative food, in order to evaluate effects on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of their milk. Lactating donkeys were divided into two groups: standard feeding and alternative feeding. With regard to chemical composition, no differences were observed. Total antioxidant capacity was constant in the standard feeding group, while it increased in the alternative feeding group: the radical scavenging activity increased from 95.53% to 96.62% in the ABTS test and from 28.40% to 33.33% in the DPPH test. This indicated that alternative feeding affects the antioxidant capacity of milk.
Recovery of colorants from red prickly pear peels and pulps enhanced by pulsed electric field and ultrasound
2016
Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of the non-conventional pre-treatments; pulsed electric fields (PEFs) and ultrasounds (USNs), to enhance the extraction of red colorants from red prickly pear ( Opuntia stricta Haw.) peels and pulps. The overall goal was to valorize the thick part of the fruit, being discarded for fruit's consumption. PEF and USN treatments were first optimized using fruit slices, followed by a supplementary aqueous extraction (+ SAE) up to 1 h. The optimal conditions were then applied for peels and pulps, separately. Results showed that PEF + SAE and USN + SAE enhanced significantly the extraction of red colorants (betanin/isobetanin), compared to…
Full inhibition of enzymatic browning in the presence of thiol-functionalised silica nanomaterial
2018
[EN] Darkening processed fruits and vegetables is caused mainly by enzymatic browning through polyphenol oxidase (PPO) action. Accordingly, we explored the potential of four silica-based materials (MCM-41 nanometric size, MCM-41 micrometric size, UVM-7 and aerosil), non-functionalised and functionalised with thiol groups, to inhibit PPO activity in the model system and apple juice. All materials showed relevant performance when immobilising and inhibiting PPO in model systems, and support topology is a main factor for enzyme immobilisation and inhibition. Thiol-containing silica UVM7-SH showed the greatest inactivation, and similar browning values to those obtained by acidification. The enz…
Influence of the functionalisation of mesoporous silica material UVM-7 on polyphenol oxidase enzyme capture and enzymatic browning
2020
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), also known as tyrosinase and catechol oxidase, is the enzyme responsible for enzymatic browning in foods. It causes undesirable organoleptic, nutritional and colour changes. Here, we report the preparation of five nanomaterials and a study of their ability to modulate PPO enzyme activity. The materials consist of UVM-7 supports (a mesoporous silica material) modified with diverse functional groups (i.e. amine, carboxylic acid, isocyanate, alkane and pyridine). We also studied the PPO immobilisation capability of the materials. All the materials, except the carboxylic acid functionalised one, offer high PPO loading capabilities and the immobilisation speed increases…