Search results for "Veterinary Science"
showing 10 items of 2359 documents
Evidence de l'adaptation des communautés microbiennes sédimentaires de rivière à la minéralisation du diuron: influence du ruissellement et de l'éros…
2010
International audience; Purpose Surface runoff and erosion are major drivers of pesticide transport from soils to rivers draining vineyard watersheds. A recent study showed that applications of diuron on vineyards and diuron dispersal could lead to microbial adaptation to diuron biodegradation from treated soils to the receiving hydrosystem. Given the limited knowledge on microbial adaptation to pesticide degradation in aquatic environments, we conducted a microcosm study designed to assess the impact of runoff and erosion processes on the adaptation of riverine-sediment microbial communities to diuron mineralization. Materials and methods The experimental laboratory set-up consisted in aqu…
Rice cooking and sensory quality
2019
International audience; This chapter provides a state-of-the-art review of the diversity and dynamics of consumer demand with respect to the eating quality of rice worldwide. Quality includes both tangible measurable factors (rice characteristics) and the context of consumption. The main sensory attributes evaluated around the world are described, and their relationship with the diversity of consumer demand is discussed. Instrumental methods for predicting quality measured on either raw or cooked grains are reviewed. The changes that occur in the rice grain during cooking are described along with a modeling approach able to predict the changes and their spatial distribution in the rice grai…
Connecting the data landscape of long-term ecological studies: the SPI-Birds data hub
2021
The integration and synthesis of the data in different areas of science is drastically slowed and hindered by a lack of standards and networking programmes. Long-term studies of individually marked animals are not an exception. These studies are especially important as instrumental for understanding evolutionary and eco-logical processes in the wild. Furthermore, their number and global distribution provides a unique opportunity to assess the generality of patterns and to address broad-scale global issues (e.g. climate change).
Effect of sensory education on food preferences in children
2008
International audience; During an evaluation of the effects of a French sensory education program for 8-10 years old school children, an experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of the program on the development of children's preferences for stimuli differing in arousal potential (higher complexity and/or intensity). An experimental group (n = 101) who participated in the education program and a control group (n = 102) who did not, rated liking for five stimuli differing in arousal potential in each of three product categories (mashed potatoes, fruit yoghurts and compotes) at three moments: just before (T0) and after (T1) the education program and 10 months later (T2). Althou…
Study of enzymatic activity in human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y exposed to zearalenone's derivates and beauvericin.
2021
Abstract Beauvericin (BEA), α-zearalenol (α-ZEL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZEL), are produced by several Fusarium species that contaminate cereal grains. These mycotoxins can cause cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity in various cell lines and they are also capable of produce oxidative stress at molecular level. However, mammalian cells are equipped with a protective endogenous antioxidant system formed by no-enzymatic antioxidant and enzymatic protective systems such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The aim of this study was evaluating the effects of α-ZEL, β-ZEL and BEA, on enzymatic GPx, GST, CAT and SOD activity in huma…
Run duration effects on the hydrodynamic properties of a loam soil estimated by steady-state infiltration methods
2020
Steady-state methods for the analysis of single-ring infiltration data are commonly applied. However, the duration of an infiltrometer experiment is often established quite subjectively based on the assumption that in general infiltration stabilizes rather quickly in the field. For a loam soil, the effect of the duration of a beerkan run on sorptivity, S, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks, was tested by using the BEST (Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters)-steady method and SSBI (Steady version of the Simplified method based on a Beerkan Infiltration run) method for data analysis. The standard experiment, based on a total of 15 water volumes each establishing an initial pon…
Dialysis of flavour compounds: Yields of extraction on model solution
1993
The extraction of 58 flavour compounds by Nafion membrane dialysis was studied using a model solution. Reproducibility and yield of the method were investigated. The coefficient of variation of the extraction yield was less than 15% for 48 of the 58 compounds tested. When the number of carbon atoms increased, the extraction yield fell to zero for compounds with more than ten carbon atoms. Flavour compounds with a cyclic structure showed a better diffusion rate through the membrane than other compounds with the same number of carbon atoms. The extraction yield seems to be correlated mainly to the hydrophobicity of the molecule. The use of the method for quantitative analysis was studied. Ext…
Release of isoamyl acetate from starch pastes of various structures : thermodynamic and kinetic parameters
2004
The release of isoamyl acetate from starch-based matrices was studied on the basis of a cumulative dynamic headspace analysis. Two corn starches were compared, which are known to yield pastes and gels differing in their structures and properties. These properties were assessed by viscometry and viscoelastic measurements. Aroma release was discussed as a function of the structure and texture parameters of the matrix. The release curves obtained from water and from the various starch-based matrices at 25 degrees C showed similar patterns but differed in their initial slopes and in the final plateau values. The lowest initial slopes were obtained for the normal starch dispersions that formed g…
Influence of Formulation and Structure of an Oil-in-Water Emulsion on Flavor Release
1999
International audience
Retention effect of human saliva on aroma release and respective contribution of salivary mucin and alpha-amylase
2014
International audience; As great differences were observed in the amount of alpha-amylase in human saliva, there is a need to better understand the effect of this protein alone or in mixture with mucin on aroma compound partitioning. We report. the respective role of mucin and alpha-amylase on the air/liquid partition coefficients of two series of 5 methylketones and 5 ethyl-esters. We confirm that mucin affects the release of aroma compounds and, for the first time, we demonstrate the ability of alpha-amylase to decrease the release of aroma compounds. For both proteins, we report the involvement of hydrophobic effects. Interestingly, no cumulative effect was observed when both proteins we…