Search results for "antineoplastic"
showing 10 items of 2217 documents
Bidentatoside I, a New Triterpene Saponin from Achyranthes bidentata
2001
Bidentatoside I (1) is a new triterpene saponin bearing an unusual dioxopropionic acid unit, isolated from the roots of Achyranthes bidentata. Structural elucidation was performed mainly by chemical and homo- and heteronuclear 2D NMR techniques. This compound did not show any potentiation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of cisplatin in the HT 29 human colon cancer cell line.
Cytotoxic steroidal glycosides from Allium flavum.
2014
Abstract Three new spirostane-type glycosides ( 1 – 3 ) were isolated from the whole plant of Allium flavum . Their structures were elucidated mainly by 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry as (20 S ,25 R )-2α-hydroxyspirost-5-en-3β-yl O -β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[β- d -galactopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β- d -galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-β- d -galactopyranoside ( 1 ), (20 S ,25 R )-2α-hydroxyspirost-5-en-3β-yl O -β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β- d -galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-β- d -galactopyranoside ( 2 ), and (20 S ,25 R )-spirost-5-en-3β-yl O -α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β- d -glucopyranoside ( 3 ). The three saponins were evaluated f…
Essential Oil Composition of
2019
Drug resistance is a major obstacle in antibiotic and antitumor chemotherapy. In response to the necessity to find new therapeutic strategies, plant secondary metabolites including essential oils (EOs) may represent one of the best sources. EOs in plants act as constitutive defenses against biotic and abiotic stress, and they play an important role in the pharmacology for their low toxicity, good pharmacokinetic and multitarget activity. In this context, natural products such as EOs are one of the most important sources of drugs used in pharmaceutical therapeutics. The aim of this paper was to identify the chemical composition of the essential oil of Alluaudia procera leaves, obtained by hy…
Deletion of 11q in Neuroblastomas Drives Sensitivity to PARP Inhibition
2017
AbstractPurpose: Despite advances in multimodal therapy, neuroblastomas with hemizygous deletion in chromosome 11q (20%–30%) undergo consecutive recurrences with poor outcome. We hypothesized that patients with 11q-loss may share a druggable molecular target(s) that can be exploited for a precision medicine strategy to improve treatment outcome.Experimental Design: SNP arrays were combined with next-generation sequencing (NGS) to precisely define the deleted region in 17 primary 11q-loss neuroblastomas and identify allelic variants in genes relevant for neuroblastoma etiology. We assessed PARP inhibitor olaparib in combination with other chemotherapy medications using both in vitro and in v…
EORTC-1203-GITCG - the “INNOVATION”-trial: Effect of chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy plus trastuzumab, versus chemotherapy plus trastuzumab pl…
2019
10–20% of patients with gastric cancer (GC) have HER2+ tumors. Addition of trastuzumab (T) to cisplatin/fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy (CT) improved survival in metastatic, HER2+ GC. When pertuzumab (P) was added to neoadjuvant T and CT, a significant increase in histopathological complete response rate was observed in HER2+ breast cancer. This study aims to investigate the added benefit of using both HER2 targeting drugs (T alone or the combination of T + P), in combination with perioperative CT for localized HER2+ GC. This is a prospective, randomized, open-label, phase II trial. HER2 status from patients with resectable GC (UICC TNM7 tumor stage Ib-III) will be centrally determined.…
Dual disruption of aldehyde dehydrogenases 1 and 3 promotes functional changes in the glutathione redox system and enhances chemosensitivity in nonsm…
2020
AbstractAldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are multifunctional enzymes that oxidize diverse endogenous and exogenous aldehydes. We conducted a meta-analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus data and detected genetic alterations in ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3, or ALDH3A1, 86% of which were gene amplification or mRNA upregulation, in 31% of nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). The expression of these isoenzymes impacted chemoresistance and shortened survival times in patients. We hypothesized that these enzymes provide an oxidative advantage for the persistence of NSCLC. To test this hypothesis, we used genetic and pharmacological approaches with DIMATE, an irreversible inhibito…
Exome Analysis Reveals Genomic Markers Associated with Better Efficacy of Nivolumab in Lung Cancer Patients
2019
Abstract Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, only one-quarter of patients benefit from these new therapies. PD-L1 assessment and tumor mutational burden (TMB) are available tools to optimize use of checkpoint inhibitors but novel tools are needed. Exome sequencing could generate many variables but their role in identifying predictors of response is unknown. Experimental Design: We performed somatic and constitutional exome analyses for 77 patients with NSCLC treated with nivolumab. We studied: one-tumor-related characteristics: aneuploidy, CNA clonality, mutational signatures, TMB, mutations in WNT, AKT, MAPK, an…
Effectiveness of First-Line Bevacizumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The Observational Cohort Study GRETA
2018
Background: Scant real-world data exist on the clinical outcomes associated with the use of bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy (B+CT) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The primary objective of the GRETA cohort study was to compare the overall survival (OS) of patients with mCRC treated with first-line B+CT versus chemotherapy (CT) alone, in an Italian clinical practice setting. Materials and Methods: Incident patients with mCRC were identified during the period 2010–2012 from five population-based cancer registries in Italy. Cases were linked to regional health care utilization databases to obtain the entire spectrum of health services provided to each patient. Patients…
Risk factors for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and mortality among solid cancer patients and impact of the disease on anticancer treat…
2020
Background Cancer patients are thought to have an increased risk of developing severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and of dying from the disease. In this work, predictive factors for COVID-19 severity and mortality in cancer patients were investigated. Patients and Methods In this large nationwide retro-prospective cohort study, we collected data on patients with solid tumours and COVID-19 diagnosed between March 1 and June 11, 2020. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality and COVID-19 severity, defined as admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and/or mechanical ventilation and/or death, was one of the secondary endpoints. Results From April 4 to June 11, 2020, 1289…
Sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, signal transduction inhibitors and nutraceuticals can be regulated by WT-TP53
2020
Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly metastatic malignancy. Approximately 85% of pancreatic cancers are classified as PDACs. The survival of PDAC patients is very poor and only 5–10% of patients survive 5 years after diagnosis. Mutations at the KRAS and TP53 gene are frequently observed in PDAC patients. The PANC-28 cell line lacks wild-type (WT) TP53. In the following study, we have investigated the effects of restoration of WT TP53 activity on the sensitivity of PANC-28 pancreatic cancer cells to various drugs which are used to treat PDAC patients as well as other cancer patients. In addition, we have examined the effects of signal transduction inhibitors which tar…