Search results for "cell behavior"
showing 10 items of 91 documents
Gallium modulates osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro without affecting osteoblasts.
2010
Gallium (Ga) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of disorders associated with accelerated bone loss, including cancer-related hypercalcemia and Paget's disease. These clinical applications suggest that Ga could reduce bone resorption. However, few studies have studied the effects of Ga on osteoclastic resorption. Here, we have explored the effects of Ga on bone cells in vitro.In different osteoclastic models [osteoclasts isolated from long bones of neonatal rabbits (RBC), murine RAW 264.7 cells and human CD14-positive cells], we have performed resorption activity tests, staining for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, viabili…
Biallelic mutations in neurofascin cause neurodevelopmental impairment and peripheral demyelination
2019
See Karakaya and Wirth (doi:10.1093/brain/awz273) for a scientific commentary on this article. Neurofascin (NFASC) isoforms are immunoglobulin cell adhesion molecules involved in node of Ranvier assembly. Efthymiou et al. identify biallelic NFASC variants in ten unrelated patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by variable degrees of central and peripheral involvement. Abnormal expression of Nfasc155 is accompanied by severe loss of myelinated fibres.
Algorithms for {K, s+1}-potent matrix constructions
2013
In this paper, we deal with {K, s + 1}-potent matrices. These matrices generalize all the following classes of matrices: k-potent matrices, periodic matrices, idempotent matrices, involutory matrices, centrosymmetric matrices, mirrorsymmetric matrices, circulant matrices, among others. Several applications of these classes of matrices can be found in the literature. We develop algorithms in order to compute {K, s + 1}-potent matrices and {K, s + 1}-potent linear combinations of {K, s + 1}-potent matrices. In addition, some examples are presented in order to show the numerical performance of the method. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Upconversion Nanoparticles for Bioimaging and Regenerative Medicine.
2016
Nanomaterials are proving useful for regenerative medicine in combination with stem cell therapy. Nanoparticles can be administrated and targeted to desired tissues or organs and subsequently, be used in non-invasive real-time visualization and tracking of cells by means of different imaging techniques, they can act as therapeutic agent nanocarriers, and can also serve as scaffolds to guide the growth of new tissue. Nanoparticles can be of different chemical nature, such as gold, iron oxide, cadmium selenide, and carbon, and have the potential to be used in regenerative medicine. However, there are still many issues to be solved, such as toxicity, stability, and resident time. Upconversion …
Numerical Simulation of a Contractivity Based Multiscale Cancer Invasion Model
2017
We present a problem-suited numerical method for a particularly challenging cancer invasion model. This model is a multiscale haptotaxis advection-reaction-diffusion system that describes the macroscopic dynamics of two types of cancer cells coupled with microscopic dynamics of the cells adhesion on the extracellular matrix. The difficulties to overcome arise from the non-constant advection and diffusion coefficients, a time delay term, as well as stiff reaction terms.
Electrical Coupling in Ensembles of Nonexcitable Cells: Modeling the Spatial Map of Single Cell Potentials
2015
We analyze the coupling of model nonexcitable (non-neural) cells assuming that the cell membrane potential is the basic individual property. We obtain this potential on the basis of the inward and outward rectifying voltage-gated channels characteristic of cell membranes. We concentrate on the electrical coupling of a cell ensemble rather than on the biochemical and mechanical characteristics of the individual cells, obtain the map of single cell potentials using simple assumptions, and suggest procedures to collectively modify this spatial map. The response of the cell ensemble to an external perturbation and the consequences of cell isolation, heterogeneity, and ensemble size are also ana…
FLUCTUATIONS IN LIPID BILAYERS: ARE THEY UNDERSTOOD?
2013
We review recent computer simulation studies of undulating lipid bilayers. Theoretical interpretations of such fluctuating membranes are most commonly based on generalized Helfrich-type elastic models, with additional contributions of local "protrusions" and/or density fluctuations. Such models provide an excellent basis for describing the fluctuations of tensionless bilayers in the fluid phase at a quantitative level. However, this description is found to fail for membranes in the gel phase and for membranes subject to high tensions. The fluctuations of tilted gel membranes show a signature of the modulated ripple structure, which is a nearby phase observed in the pretransition regime betw…
Structural photoactivation of a full-length bacterial phytochrome
2016
Time-resolved x-ray solution scattering reveals the conformational signaling mechanism of a bacterial phytochrome.
Neurons as targets for T cells in the nervous system
2013
International audience; Accumulating evidence shows that T cells penetrate the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma in several autoimmune, infectious, and degenerative neurological diseases. The structural and functional consequences for CNS neurons of their encounter with activated T cells have been investigated in several experimental systems, including ex vivo co-cultures, electrophysiology, and in vivo imaging. Here, we review the modalities of neuron/T cell interactions. We substantiate the contention that T cells are directly responsible for neuronal damage in a large number of neurological diseases and discuss mechanisms of neuronal damage mediated by distinct T cell subsets, the …
Barrier functions and paracellular integrity in human cell culture models of the proximal respiratory unit.
2009
International audience; Airway epithelial cells provide a barrier to the translocation of inhaled materials. Tight (TJ) and adherens junctions (AJ) play a key role in maintaining barrier functions, and are responsible for the selective transport of various substances through the paracellular pathway. In this study we compared a bronchial cell line (16HBE14o-) and primary bronchial cells (HBEC), both cocultivated with the fibroblast cell line Wi-38, with respect to their structural differentiation and their reaction to cytokine stimulation. HBEC formed a pseudostratified epithelial layer and expressed TJ and AJ proteins after 2 weeks in coculture. Mucus-producing and ciliated cells were foun…