Search results for "cerebral"

Acute cerebrovascular manifestation of Takayasu arteritis

2011

International audience

Management of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Patients with Acute Stroke

2017

BACKGROUND: Stroke represent one of the most devastating of all neurological diseases, affecting about 15 million people per year and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and currently the leading cause of adult disability in developed countries. Blood pressure and heart rate may undergo several modifications in patients with both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in fact raised blood pressure levels may lead to cerebral edema, hematoma expansion or hemorrhagic transformation and in contrast low blood pressure can lead to increased cerebral infarction or perihematomal ischemia. In addition, ECG abnormalities and cardiac arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation, are re…

Estradiol or genistein prevent Alzheimer's disease-associated inflammation correlating with an increase PPAR gamma expression in cultured astrocytes.

2009

Inflammation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main inflammatory players in AD are the glial cells which initiate the inflammatory response. One of the earliest neuropathological changes in AD is the accumulation of astrocytes at sites of A beta deposition. It is desirable to find methods of tipping the balance towards anti-inflammatory state. Estrogenic compounds have shown anti-inflammatory and also antioxidant activity. Astrocytes were pretreated with 17-beta estradiol or with genistein, and 48 h later treated with 5 microM amyloid beta (A beta) for 24 h. We found that A beta induces inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase 2 (…

Neuropsychological Symptoms After Anterior Cerebral Artery Ischemic Stroke.

2020

Transient focal cerebral ischemia significantly alters not only EAATs but also VGLUTs expression in rats: relevance of changes in reactive astroglia

2010

The involvement of plasma membrane glutamate transporters (EAATs - excitatory aminoacid transporters) in the pathophysiology of ischemia has been widely studied, but little is known about the role of vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) in the ischemic process. We analyzed the expression of VGLUT1-3 in the cortex and caudate-putamen of rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Western blot and immunohistochemistry revealed an increase of VGLUT1 signal in cortex and caudate-putamen until 3 days of reperfusion followed by a reduction 7 days after the ischemic insult. By contrast, VGLUT2 and 3 were drastically reduced. Confocal microscopy revealed an increase in VGLUT2…

Composition en acides gras des hémisphères cérébraux de rats spontanément hypertendus allaités par des femelles Wistar

2003

Total lipid fatty acid composition was investigated in brain hemispheres of male Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR), compared with normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) used as controls. Both strains were suckled by adoptive Wistar mothers, and then fed a standard diet after weaning. No difference was observed between the two hemispheres of WKY killed either at 10 or 30 days. In SHR killed at 10 days, the two hemispheres showed differences, SHR left hemispheres exhibiting greater fatty acid composition changes than those of WKY, phenomenon that toned down at 30 days. Hence, SHR pups showed a different total lipid fatty acid composition of their brain hemispheres when compared with their W…

A novel nutrient blend mimics calorie restriction transcriptomics differentially in multiple tissues of mice

2017

Identification of caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs), compounds that mimic the beneficial effects of caloric restriction (CR) without restriction of dietary energy would be an advancement in anti-aging science. The present study investigated whether the transcriptional profiles of a putative CRM nutrient blend could mimic that of CR in diverse tissues following long-term feeding in B6C3F1 male mice. Study design: Young Controls (YC; 5 mo.) and 3 groups treated from 14-30 mo.: Old Controls (OC), Old CR (OCR; 25% CR) and Old Supplemented (OS); n=7/group. Gene expression profiling in cerebral cortex (CCT), skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius)(SKL), heart (HRT), white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver…

Hardwiring the Brain: Endocannabinoids Shape Neuronal Connectivity

2007

The roles of endocannabinoid signaling during central nervous system development are unknown. We report that CB 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB 1 Rs) are enriched in the axonal growth cones of γ-aminobutyric acid–containing (GABAergic) interneurons in the rodent cortex during late gestation. Endocannabinoids trigger CB 1 R internalization and elimination from filopodia and induce chemorepulsion and collapse of axonal growth cones of these GABAergic interneurons by activating RhoA. Similarly, endocannabinoids diminish the galvanotropism of Xenopus laevis spinal neurons. These findings, together with the impaired target selection of cortical GABAergic interneurons lacking CB 1 Rs, identify endoc…

Pathophysiology of Cerebral Ischemia

1991

The weight of the brain amounts to only 2% of total body weight, but it receives 15% of the cardiac output and uses 20% of the oxygen consumed by the body. The energy supply is provided almost exclusively by glucose metabolism. The substrate for this is stored in the brain in the form of glucose or glycogen and is sufficient to cover the energy requirements for only about 1 min. Consequently, there is a delicate equilibrium between oxygen and nutrient supply from the blood and the energy requirements of the brain. Disturbances in neurologic function appear after a few seconds of ischemia, although they are not necessarily persistent at first.

Standardized Hemorrhagic Shock Induction Guided by Cerebral Oximetry and Extended Hemodynamic Monitoring in Pigs.

2019

Hemorrhagic shock ranks among the main reasons for severe injury-related death. The loss of circulatory volume and oxygen carriers can lead to an insufficient oxygen supply and irreversible organ failure. The brain exerts only limited compensation capacities and is particularly at high risk of severe hypoxic damage.This article demonstrates the reproducible induction of life-threatening hemorrhagic shock in a porcine model by means of calculated blood withdrawal. We titrate shock induction guided by near-infrared spectroscopy and extended hemodynamic monitoring to display systemic circulatory failure, as well as cerebral microcirculatory oxygen depletion. In comparison to similar models tha…