Search results for "chemotype"
showing 10 items of 24 documents
Toxigenic potential of Fusarium culmorum strains isolated from French wheat
2001
Sixty F. culmorum strains were isolated from wheat grains collected from different wheat-growing areas in France and from different cultivars. The isolates were grown on autoclaved wheat grain to assess their ability to produce trichothecenes and zearalenone. Fungal biomass was evaluated through the ergosterol grain content. All the isolates produced zearalenone (0.39-1660 mg kg(-1)). Thirty-five of the 60 F. culmorum produced nivalenol (0.11-11.7 mg kg(-1)), 12 of 60 produced fusarenone X (0.05-8.42 mg kg(-1)), five of 60 produced 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (0.48-27.7 mg kg(-1)), 13 of 60 produced 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (0.07-21.0 mg kg(-1) and 24 of 60 produced deoxynivalenol (0.92-51.9 mg k…
Assessment of production and qualitative characteristics of different populations of Salvia sclarea L. found in Sicily (Italy)
2021
Salvia sclarea L. is an important industrial crop, valued for its herbal-aromatic properties and high quality essential oils, that is used in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. In this study, carried out from 2009 to 2010, the morphological and production characteristics and essential oil content and composition of three Sicilian populations were studied. In particular, the composition of essential oils extracted from primary and secondary inflorescences using steam distillation was assessed. Morphological, production and qualitative data from the three populations were subjected to analysis of variance and cluster analysis. Regarding the quality of the oils, only the most prevalent compo…
Elsholtzia blandaBenth: New Citral-rich Chemotypes from India
2012
The essential oils of the previously un-investigated aerial parts of Elsholtzia blanda were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The yields of the oil were found to be 0.93 and 1.70% on fresh weight basis. A total of 25 compounds, representing 82.8% and 87.9% of the oil, were identified. The main compounds were geranial (43.5%–48.8%), neral (31.7%–34.7%), E-isocitral (1.2%–0.1%), and caryophyllene oxide (1.6%–0.7%). These two cultivars have the potential to compete with commercial citral oils.
Ecophysiology of germination in Sicilian population of Ferula communis (Umbelliferae)
2010
Ferula communis L. is an umbelliferous plant widespread in the Mediterranean basin and particularly abundant in Sicily and Sardinia islands (Italy). In this species, two chemotypes have been distinguished: one is poisonous and responsible of hemorrhagic syndrome of livestock, known as ferulosis, while the other one (non- poisonous) has anticancer activity due to the presence of daucane esters. In Sicily the dry stem of this plant has commercial applications in special manufactured products. The object of the research was to investigate the germination ecophysiology of nine Sicilian populations of F. communis, in order to establish the correct germplasm conservation of the chemotypes economi…
Hydrocarbon chemotypes of some blackcurrant cultivars (Ribes sp)
1989
The hydrocarbon fractions of the essential oils of 11 cultivars of blackcurrant (Ribes spp) buds originating from collections in France and Australia have been submitted to GC/MS analysis. The major monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons define chemotypes which have been conventionally described by a letter-based formula. Whereas four monoterpene chemotypes previously reported are confirmed, eight sesquiterpene chemotypes have to be redefined. They involve: δ-elemene, β-caryophyllene, γ-elemene, α-humuiene, alloaromadrene, germacrene D, γ-cadinene, and two unknowns. The different cultivars examined and their corresponding chemotypic formulae have been discriminated by principal componen…
The Lichen Genus Usnea On Quercus Suber In Iberian Cork-Oak Forests
2017
AbstractFifteen species of Usnea are recorded from Iberian cork-oak forests: U. ceratina, U. comma, U. dasaea, U. esperantiana, U. flammea, U. fulvoreagens, U. glabrata, U. hirta, U. mutabilis, U. rubicunda, U. subcornuta, U. subfloridana U. subscabrosa, U. substerilis and U. wasmuthii. A key for these species is provided. Details of morphology, chemistry, distribution, ecology and taxonomy are discussed. Usnea dasaea is reported as new to the Iberian Peninsula. New chemotypes of U. fulvoreagens (with squamatic acid) and U. wasmuthii (with psoromic acid) have been identified. Distribution maps of U. dasaeaand U. subcornuta in Europe are presented. A new combination, Usnea subfloridana subsp…
Essential oil variability in a collection of Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) cultivars.
2016
Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic plant of great tradition in the Mediterranean area. Its economic importance is growing up determining an expansion of cultivation. This paper evaluated the morphological traits, the chemical profiles, and antibacterial activity of 21 cultivars of basil belonging to Ê»Genoveseʼ, Ê»Napoletanoʼ, and Ê»Purple basilʼ types. The cultivars were characterized by different growth rate and morphological traits. The chemical composition of the oils analyzed by GC and GC/MS analysis, supported by the PCA analysis, underlined the strong influence of chemotype. It is noteworthy that estragole, never present in Genovese and purple basil types, occurred in …
Comprehending and improving cannabis specialized metabolism in the systems biology era
2020
Cannabis sativa is a source of food, fiber and specialized metabolites such as cannabinoids, with psychoactive and pharmacological effects. Due to its expanding and increasingly-accepted use in medicine, cannabis cultivation is acquiring more importance and less social stigma. Humans initiated different domestication episodes whose later spread gave rise to a plethora of landrace cultivars. At present, breeders cross germplasms from different gene pools depending on their specific use. The fiber (hemp) and drug (marijuana) types of C. sativa differ in their cannabinoid chemical composition phenotype (chemotype) and also in the accumulation of terpenoid compounds that constitute a strain’s p…
Phylogenetic analyses of Fusarium graminearum strains from cereals in Italy, and characterisation of their molecular and chemical chemotypes
2014
The Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) is a pathogen of durum wheat and other cereals worldwide. The complex consists of at least 15 species that can produce various mycotoxins, including trichothecenes, associated with human and animals toxicoses. In particular, deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and their different acetylated derivatives can be produced by the different chemotypes of the complex. In this study, 90 strains, isolated mainly from wheat in Italy and belonging to the FGSC, were assessed for their phylogeny and their chemotype and trichothecene genotype. Almost all strains of the FGSC belonged to F. graminearum sensu stricto, whereas two strains were F. cortaderiae…
Composition of the Essential Oil ofDictamnus hispanicusfrom Spain
2006
The composition of the essential oil of Dictamnus hispanicus Webb ex. Willk. collected in eastern Spain was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents identified were methyl chavicol (79%) and limonene (7%). The high oil yield (72.0% fresh plant material) and the proportion of the main compounds support the consideration of D. hispanicus as a separate species of the S. and CS. Europe as D. albus aggregate or as a new chemotype of the polymorphic D. albus.