Search results for "conditioning"

showing 10 items of 632 documents

Short-term adaptation of conditioned fear responses through endocannabinoid signaling in the central amygdala

2010

International audience; Both, the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) are known to play crucial roles in the processing of fear and anxiety, whereby they appear to be especially involved in the control of fear states. However, in contrast to many other brain regions including the cortical subregions of the amygdala, the existence of CB1 in the CeA remains enigmatic. Here we show that CB1 is expressed in the CeA of mice and that CB1 in the CeA mediates short-term synaptic plasticity, namely depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DSE) and inhibition (DSI). Moreover, the CB1 antagonist AM251 increased both excitatory and inhibitory postsyn…

MaleTime FactorsAction PotentialsAnxietyExtinction PsychologicalGABA AntagonistsPropanolaminesMice0302 clinical medicinePiperidinesReceptor Cannabinoid CB1Adaptation PsychologicalConditioning PsychologicalMoodFear conditioningHabituationStress DisordersMice Knockout0303 health sciencesBehavior AnimalCentral nucleus of the amygdalaValineFearExtinctionAmygdalaPyridazinesPsychiatry and Mental healthmedicine.anatomical_structureOriginal ArticlePsychologypsychological phenomena and processesSignal TransductionSensory Receptor CellsNeurophysiologyIn Vitro TechniquesInhibitory postsynaptic potentialAmygdala03 medical and health sciencesQuinoxalinesCannabinoid Receptor ModulatorsmedicineAnimalsMaze Learning030304 developmental biologyPharmacologyFear processing in the brainLearning & MemoryCannabinoidsExtinction (psychology)Phosphinic AcidsElectric StimulationMice Inbred C57BLGene Expression Regulationnervous systemSynaptic plasticityPyrazolesNeuroscienceExcitatory Amino Acid Antagonists030217 neurology & neurosurgeryEndocannabinoidsConditioning
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Reward Unpredictability inside and outside of a Task Context as a Determinant of the Responses of Tonically Active Neurons in the Monkey Striatum

2001

Tonically active neurons (TANs) in the monkey striatum are involved in detecting motivationally relevant stimuli. We recently provided evidence that the timing of conditioned stimuli strongly influences the responsiveness of TANs, the source of which is likely to be the monkey's previous experience with particular temporal regularities in sequential task events. To extend these findings, we investigated the relationship of TAN responses to a primary liquid reward, the timing of which is more or less predictable to the monkey either outside of a task or during instrumental task performance. Reward predictability was indexed by the timing characteristics of the mouth movements. The responsive…

MaleTime FactorsMovementConditioning ClassicalStriatumStimulus (physiology)Developmental psychologyHabitsRewardReaction TimeAnimalsPremovement neuronal activityARTICLEMouth movementsA determinantNeuronsBehavior AnimalGeneral NeuroscienceAssociation LearningCorpus StriatumElectrodes ImplantedElectrophysiologyMacaca fascicularisArmPsychologyNeuroscienceIntuitionPsychomotor Performancepsychological phenomena and processesThe Journal of Neuroscience
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Physical training and hypertension have opposite effects on endothelial brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression

2013

AIMS: Changes in circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were reported in patients with or at risk for cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction, suggesting a link between BDNF and endothelial functionality. However, little is known on cardiovascular BDNF. Our aim was to investigate levels/localization, function, and relevance of cardiovascular BDNF. METHODS AND RESULTS: BDNF levels (western blotting) and localization (immunostaining) were assessed in the heart and aorta from rats with impaired (spontaneously hypertensive rats [SHR]), normal (Wistar Kyoto rats [WKY]), and improved (SHR and WKY subjected to physical training) endothelial function. BD…

MaleTime FactorsPhysiologyAorta ThoracicRats Inbred WKYVentricular Function Left0302 clinical medicineNeurotrophic factorsRats Inbred SHRMedicineEndothelial dysfunctionCells CulturedComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS0303 health sciences[SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biologyCoronary VesselsVasodilationmedicine.anatomical_structureHypertensioncardiovascular systemCardiology and Cardiovascular Medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyCell typeEndotheliumContractility03 medical and health sciencesCoronary CirculationPhysical Conditioning AnimalPhysiology (medical)Internal medicinemedicine.arteryVentricular PressureAnimals030304 developmental biologyBrain-derived neurotrophic factorAortabusiness.industryBrain-Derived Neurotrophic FactorEndothelial Cellsmedicine.diseaseMyocardial ContractionRatsDisease Models AnimalEndocrinologynervous systemRegional Blood FlowStress Mechanicalbusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgeryImmunostaining
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Hippocampal ripple-contingent training accelerates trace eyeblink conditioning and retards extinction in rabbits.

2010

There are at least two distinct oscillatory states of the hippocampus that are related to distinct behavioral patterns. Theta (4–12 Hz) oscillation has been suggested to indicate selective attention during which the animal concentrates on some features of the environment while suppressing reactivity to others. In contrast, sharp-wave ripples (∼200 Hz) can be seen in a state in which the hippocampus is at its most responsive to any kind of afferent stimulation. In addition, external stimulation tends to evoke and reset theta oscillation, the phase of which has been shown to modulate synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Theoretically, training on a hippocampus-dependent learning task conti…

MaleTime FactorsoppiminenRippleStimulationStimulus (physiology)Hippocampal formationoskillaatioHippocampusExtinction PsychologicalRandom AllocationAnimalshippokampusElectromyographyGeneral Neurosciencebrain-computer interfaceConditioned responseClassical conditioningAssociation LearningArticlesoscillationConditioning EyelidEyeblink conditioningaivo-tietokoneliittymäSynaptic plasticityRabbitsPsychologyNeuroscienceThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
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Umbilical cord blood transplantation from unrelated donors in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia

2014

Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; There are very few disease-specific studies focusing on outcomes of umbilical cord blood transplantation for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We report the outcome of 45 patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia who underwent myeloablative single unit cord blood transplantation from unrelated donors within the GETH/GITMO cooperative group. Conditioning regimens were based on combinations of thiotepa, busulfan, cyclophospamide or fludarabine, and antithymocyte globulin. At the time of transplantation, 35 patients (78%) were in first complete remission, four (8%) …

MaleTransplantation Conditioning:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Case-Control Studies::Retrospective Studies [Medical Subject Headings]Leucemia-linfoma linfoblástico de células precursorasGraft vs Host Disease:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Middle Aged [Medical Subject Headings]Supervivencia sin EnfermedadGastroenterology:Anatomy::Body Regions::Transplants::Allografts [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Antineoplastic Agents::Myeloablative Agonists [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings]hemic and lymphatic diseasesMedicineCumulative incidenceTasa de SupervivenciaPhiladelphia ChromosomeChildCromosoma Filadelfia:Diseases::Pathological Conditions Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Disease Attributes::Chronic Disease [Medical Subject Headings]:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Child::Child Preschool [Medical Subject Headings]ArticlesHematologyMiddle AgedPrecursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-LymphomaAllografts:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Biological Therapy::Immunomodulation::Immunotherapy::Immunosuppression::Transplantation Conditioning [Medical Subject Headings]FludarabineSurvival RateChild Preschool:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adolescent [Medical Subject Headings]:Diseases::Pathological Conditions Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Chromosome Aberrations::Translocation Genetic::Philadelphia Chromosome [Medical Subject Headings]:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Survival Analysis::Disease-Free Survival [Medical Subject Headings]FemaleAcondicionamiento para el trasplanteCord Blood Stem Cell TransplantationTrasplante de células madre de la sangre del cordónmedicine.drugAloinjertosAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescent:Check Tags::Male [Medical Subject Headings]Cord Blood Stem Cell TransplantationPhiladelphia chromosomeEnfermedad injerto contra huéspedDisease-Free SurvivalEstudios retrospectivosInternal medicine:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Longitudinal Studies::Follow-Up Studies [Medical Subject Headings]:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult [Medical Subject Headings]HumansPreschoolSurvival rate:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Child [Medical Subject Headings]Retrospective Studies:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Mortality::Survival Rate [Medical Subject Headings]business.industryUmbilical Cord Blood TransplantationEnfermedad crónicaAgonistas mieloablativosMyeloablative Agonistsmedicine.diseaseSettore MED/15SurgeryTransplantation:Diseases::Immune System Diseases::Graft vs Host Disease [Medical Subject Headings]:Diseases::Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases::Lymphatic Diseases::Lymphoproliferative Disorders::Leukemia Lymphoid::Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma [Medical Subject Headings]:Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings]Estudios de SeguimientoChronic Disease:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Surgical Procedures Operative::Transplantation::Cell Transplantation::Stem Cell Transplantation::Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation [Medical Subject Headings]Adolescent; Adult; Allografts; Child; Child Preschool; Chronic Disease; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Graft vs Host Disease; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myeloablative Agonists; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; Philadelphia Chromosome; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Transplantation ConditioningbusinessBusulfanFollow-Up Studies
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Presence of Oxytocin, Vasopressin and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Their Modification in Rat Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus During Resistance…

2013

Summary Many studies have demonstrated the physiological effects of oxytocin (OT), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and vasopressin (VP) in the homoeostasis of body fluids during physical exercise. However, a little information is available about the related immunohistochemical changes in hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system during and after the training. The aim of the present work was to study the immunohistochemical changes in OT, ANP and VP levels in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus during and after resistance exercise protocol. Three groups of Wistar rats were trained by a rung ladder protocol for 15, 30 and 45 days, respectively; a fourth group was left to rest for…

MaleVasopressinmedicine.medical_specialtyVasopressinsPeriod (gene)Physical exerciseOxytocinAtrial natriuretic peptidePhysical Conditioning AnimalInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsRats WistarNeuronsBody fluidGeneral Veterinarybusiness.industryOxytocin vasopressinANPbrainResistance TrainingGeneral MedicineRatsmedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologyGene Expression RegulationOxytocinsense organsbusinessNucleusAtrial Natriuretic Factorhormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsHomeostasisParaventricular Hypothalamic Nucleusmedicine.drugAnatomia, Histologia, Embryologia
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Role of NMDA and AMPA glutamatergic receptors in the effects of social defeat on the rewarding properties of MDMA in mice

2019

Exposure to social stress alters the response to drugs of abuse of experimental animals. Changes in the glutamatergic system seem to play a role in the effects of social defeat stress on the rewarding properties of cocaine and amphetamine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptors in the effects of social defeat on the conditioned place preference induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Our hypothesis was that changes in these receptors could mediate the effects of social defeat on MDMA reward. Young adult male mice were exposed to an episode…

Maledrug addictionglutamate receptorN-Methyl-34-methylenedioxyamphetamineAMPA receptorPharmacologyReceptors N-Methyl-D-AspartateSocial defeatMice03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundstress0302 clinical medicineRewardConditioning PsychologicalmedicineAnimalsReceptors AMPASocial BehaviorAmphetamine030304 developmental biologySocial stress0303 health sciencesAdrenergic Uptake Inhibitorsbusiness.industryGeneral NeuroscienceMemantineMDMAconditioned place preferenceConditioned place preferencechemistrynervous systemCNQXbusinessExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsStress Psychological030217 neurology & neurosurgerymedicine.drug
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Hippocampal theta-band activity and trace eyeblink conditioning in rabbits.

2009

The authors examined the relationship between hippocampal theta activity and trace eyeblink conditioning. Hippocampal electrophysiological local field potentials were recorded before, during, and after conditioning or explicitly unpaired training sessions in adult male New Zealand White rabbits. As expected, a high relative power of theta activity (theta ratio) in the hippocampus predicted faster acquisition of the conditioned response during trace conditioning but, contrary to previous results obtained using the delay paradigm, only in the initial stage of learning. The presentation of the conditioned stimulus overall elicited an increase in the hippocampal theta ratio. The theta ratio dec…

Maleeducationclassical conditioningrabbitHippocampusLocal field potentialHippocampal formationHippocampus03 medical and health sciencesBehavioral NeuroscienceRandom Allocation0302 clinical medicineAnimals0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesAttentionhippokampus050102 behavioral science & comparative psychologyTheta RhythmkaniAnalysis of VarianceMotivationlocal field potentialBlinkingElectromyography05 social sciencesClassical conditioningAssociation LearningConditioning EyelidAssociative learningElectrodes ImplantedElectrophysiologyEyeblink conditioningthetaConditioningRabbitskenttäpotentiaaliklassinen ehdollistaminenPsychologyNeuroscienceMicroelectrodes030217 neurology & neurosurgeryBehavioral neuroscience
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Endurance Exercise and Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Supplementation Up-Regulate CYP17A1 and Stimulate Testosterone Biosynthesis

2013

A new role for fat supplements, in particular conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), has been delineated in steroidogenesis, although the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. The aims of the present study were to identify the pathway stimulated by CLA supplementation using a cell culture model and to determine whether this same pathway is also stimulated in vivo by CLA supplementation associated with exercise. In vitro, Leydig tumour rat cells (R2C) supplemented with different concentrations of CLA exhibited increasing testosterone biosynthesis accompanied by increasing levels of CYP17A1 mRNA and protein. In vivo, trained mice showed an increase in free plasma testosterone…

Maleendocrine systemmedicine.medical_specialtyLinoleic acidConjugated linoleic acidlcsh:MedicineBiologyMicechemistry.chemical_compoundDownregulation and upregulationEndurance trainingIn vivoCell Line TumorPhysical Conditioning AnimalInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsLinoleic Acids ConjugatedTestosteroneRNA Messengerlcsh:ScienceTestosteroneMultidisciplinaryintegumentary systemSettore BIO/16 - Anatomia UmanaCholesterollcsh:RSteroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylasefood and beveragesRatsUp-RegulationEndocrinologychemistryCell cultureDietary SupplementsPhysical Endurancelcsh:Qlipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)testosterone CLAResearch ArticlePLoS ONE
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The rewarding effects of ethanol are modulated by binge eating of a high-fat diet during adolescence

2017

Abstract Binge-eating is considered a specific form of overeating characterized by intermittent and high caloric food intake in a short period of time. Epidemiologic studies support a positive relation between the ingestion of fat and ethanol (EtOH), specifically among adolescent subjects. The aim of this work was to clarify the role of the compulsive, limited and intermittent intake of a high-fat food during adolescence on the rewarding effects of EtOH. After binge-eating for 2 h, three days a week from postnatal day (PND) 29, the reinforcing effects of EtOH were tested with EtOH self-administration (SA), conditioned place preference (CPP) and ethanol locomotor sensitization procedures in …

Maleendocrine systemmedicine.medical_specialtyTime FactorsSelf AdministrationNucleus accumbensDiet High-FatMice03 medical and health sciencesCellular and Molecular Neuroscience0302 clinical medicineRewardInternal medicinemental disordersmedicineAnimalsIngestionBulimiaOvereatingreproductive and urinary physiologyPharmacologyEthanolBinge eatingDrug Administration RoutesCentral Nervous System DepressantsConditioned place preference030227 psychiatryVentral tegmental areaDisease Models Animalmedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologyAnimals NewbornAnesthesiaConditioning Operantmedicine.symptomμ-opioid receptorSelf-administrationPsychologyLocomotion030217 neurology & neurosurgeryNeuropharmacology
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