Search results for "death"

Impact of Localized Microwave Hyperthermia on the Oxygenation Status of Malignant Tumors

1982

Considerable insight into the mechanisms of heat induced cell death in vitro has been gained during recent years (for reviews see 1–3). Besides the direct cell killing effect of heat, many microenvironmental or milieu factors seem to play an important role during heat treatment of solid tumors in vivo, such that a preferential effect of hyperthermia on tumors has been postulated for the in situ conditions. Environmental factors affecting the tumor milieu, such as tissue oxygen partial pressures, pH values, glucose (?) and lactate levels, nutrient supply and drainage of wastes, have thus become a subject of topical interest.

Detection of DNA effects in human cells with the comet assay and their relevance for mutagenesis

1996

The single cell gel test (SCG-test or comet assay) is a rapid and sensitive method for measuring DNA damage and repair in individual cells. A wide variety of mutagens have been shown to cause DNA alterations detectable with the comet assay, but it is not yet clear whether a relationship exists between the DNA effects and the induction of mutations. We are therefore investigating in a cell culture system with human cells (MRC5CV1) the induction of DNA damage by environmental mutagens and the formation of mutations at the HPRT gene. In the present study we investigated benzo[a]pyrene (BP), an environmental mutagenic and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and its reactive metabolite…

Impaired Binding to Junctophilin-2 and Nanostructural Alteration in CPVT Mutation

2021

Rationale: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare disease, manifested by syncope or sudden death in children or young adults under stress conditions. Mutations in the Ca 2+ release channel/RyR2 (type 2 ryanodine receptor) gene account for about 60% of the identified mutations. Recently, we found and described a mutation in RyR2 N-terminal domain, RyR2 R420Q . Objective: To determine the arrhythmogenic mechanisms of this mutation. Methods and Results: Ventricular tachycardias under stress conditions were observed in both patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and knock-in mice. During action potential recording (by patch-clamp in …

Mast cells enhance proliferation of B lymphocytes and drive their differentiation toward IgA-secreting plasma cells.

2010

AbstractThe evidence of a tight spatial interaction between mast cells (MCs) and B lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs, along with the data regarding the abundance of MCs in several B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders prompted us to investigate whether MCs could affect the proliferation and differentiation of B cells. To this aim, we performed coculture assays using mouse splenic B cells and bone marrow–derived MCs. Both nonsensitized and activated MCs proved able to induce a significant inhibition of cell death and an increase in proliferation of naive B cells. Such proliferation was further enhanced in activated B cells. This effect relied on cell-cell contact and MC-derived interle…

Relationship between within-host fitness and virulence in the vesicular stomatitis virus: correlation with partial decoupling.

2012

ABSTRACT Given the parasitic nature of viruses, it is sometimes assumed that rates of viral replication and dissemination within hosts (within-host fitness) correlate with virulence. However, there is currently little empirical evidence supporting this principle. To test this, we quantified the fitness and virulence of 21 single- or double-nucleotide mutants of the vesicular stomatitis virus in baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21). We found that, overall, these two traits correlated positively, but significant outliers were identified. Particularly, a single mutation in the conserved C terminus of the N nucleocapsid (U1323A) had a strongly deleterious fitness effect but did not alter or even …

Dissection of human papillomavirus type 33 L2 domains involved in nuclear domains (ND) 10 homing and reorganization

2003

Abstract We have recently shown that the minor capsid protein L2 of human papillomavirus type 33 (HPV33) recruits the transcriptional repressor Daxx into nuclear domains (ND) 10 and causes the loss of the transcriptional activator Sp100 from these subnuclear structures (Florin et al., 2002b) . In order to dissect L2 domains involved in nuclear translocation, ND10 homing, loss of Sp100, and recruitment of Daxx, a detailed deletion mutagenesis of L2 was performed. Using immunofluorescence and green fluorescent protein fusions, we have identified two nuclear localization signals (NLS) in the central and C-terminal part of L2, respectively, homologous to previously identified NLS in HPV6B L2 (S…

Admission glycemia and in-hospital death following cardiac arrest during myocardial infarction outside hospital

2013

Epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection and sepsis in critically ill patients: "AbSeS", a multinational observational cohort study and ESICM Trials…

2019

Pardo-Oviedo, Juan Mauricio/0000-0003-0084-3449; Lopez-Delgado, Juan Carlos/0000-0003-3324-1129; Corradi, Francesco/0000-0002-5588-2608; De Backer, Daniel/0000-0001-9841-5762; POTA, VINCENZO/0000-0001-9999-3388; Tomescu, Dana/0000-0001-9673-5754; Sabetian, Golnar/0000-0001-8764-2150; Girardis, Massimo/0000-0002-2453-0829; Brazzi, Luca/0000-0001-7059-0622; Leone, Marc/0000-0002-3097-758X; Zabolotskikh, Igor Borisovich/0000-0002-3623-2546; De Lange, Dylan/0000-0002-0191-7270; ALMEKHLAFI, GHALEB A./0000-0002-0323-7025; Elke, Gunnar/0000-0002-4948-1605; Grigoras, Ioana/0000-0001-9412-9574; Czuczwar, Miroslaw/0000-0002-9025-6717; Nora, David/0000-0002-1133-7368; Masjedi, Mansoor/0000-0001-6175-9…

Inflammation as a therapeutic target in acute ischemic stroke treatment.

2009

Animal models of focal ischaemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) provide most evidence for cellular inflammatory responses in stroke. Permanent MCAO results in a modest neutrophil infiltration at 24 h after ischaemia, predominantly around arterial vessels at the margins of infarction, whereas MCAO with subsequent reperfusion is associated with substantial infiltration by neutrophils throughout the entire infarct. Several studies show that C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, is associated with stroke outcomes and future vascular events. Several drugs, especially hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins), have been demonstrated to reduce …

Host-directed therapies for COVID-19

2021

Purpose of review Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2-induced hyperinflammation is a major cause of death or end-organ dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. We review adjunct host-directed therapies (HDTs) for COVID-19 management. Recent findings The use of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells as HDT for COVID-19 has been shown to be safe in phase 1 and 2 trials. Trials of anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibodies show promising mortality benefit in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Repurposed drugs and monoclonal antibodies targeting specific cytokines acting on different aspects of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cascades are under evaluation. Summary A range of HDTs shows prom…