Search results for "genètica"
showing 10 items of 159 documents
Genome evolution and systems biology in bacterial endosymbionts of insects
2010
Gene loss is the most important event in the process of genome reduction that appears associated with bacterial endosymbionts of insects. These small genomes were derived features evolved from ancestral prokaryotes with larger genome sizes, consequence of a massive process of genome reduction due to drastic changes in the ecological conditions and evolutionary pressures acting on these prokaryotic lineages during their ecological transition to host-dependent lifestyle. In the present thesis, the process of genome reduction is studied from different perspectives. In the first chapter, genome rearrangements have been studied in a set of 31 complete γ-proteobacterial genomes that includes five…
Estudio en Drosophila melanogaster del efecto de la reducción y la sobreexpresión de la proteína deficitaria en la ataxia de Friedreich
2009
La ataxia de Friedreich (FA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa autosómica recesiva con una prevalencia en la población de 1- 4 casos cada 100.000 habitantes. La mutación más común que provoca la ataxia de Friedreich es la expansión de la repetición del microsatélite GAA situado en medio de una secuencia Alu-Sx en el primer intrón del gen FXN. Las repeticiones asociadas a la enfermedad se encuentran en el intervalo desde 70 a más de 1000 repeticiones del triplete. El gen produce una proteína llamada frataxina cuya síntesis se ve comprometida en los pacientes ya que las expansiones del triplete GAA interfieren en la transcripción del gen. La función de la proteína no está del todo clara aun…
Variabilidad genética y evolución del virus de la tristeza de los cítricos (CTV) en procesos de transmisión
2010
Los aislados de CTV están formados generalmente por una mezcla de variantes de secuencia, que se generan mediante procesos de mutación y recombinación. Su frecuencia en la población es el resultado de distintas presiones selectivas y de fenómenos de migración y deriva genética, generalmente asociados a los procesos de transmisión. El objetivo de esta tesis era analizar por separado el efecto de diversos factores de los procesos de transmisión sobre la estructura poblacional y la diversidad genética de distintos aislados del virus. Se analizó el efecto de la transmisión por pulgón. Ésta ocurrió con baja eficiencia y en general, las secuencias de los genes analizados en las plantas receptoras…
Histone post-translational modifications as potential therapeutic targets for pain management
2021
Effective pharmacological management of pain associated with tissue pathology is an unmet medical need. Transcriptional modifications in nociceptive pathways are pivotal for the development and the maintenance of pain associated with tissue damage. Accumulating evidence has shown the importance of the epigenetic control of transcription in nociceptive pathways via histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). Hence, histone PTMs could be targets for novel effective analgesics. Here, we discuss the current understanding of histone PTMs in the modulation of gene expression affecting nociception and pain phenotypes following tissue injury. We also provide a critical view of the translationa…
Pràctiques TMMG (33198) Biotecnologia
2017
Aquests materials docents han rebut un incentiu del Servei de Política Lingüística El document recull totes les diapositives de les projeccions realitzades en cadascuna de les sesiones de de què consten les pràctiques de l'assignatura Tècniques Moleculars en la Millora Genètica The document compiles all the slides of the sessions included in the practical lessons of the topic Molecular Techniques in Genetic Improvement
Molecular Characterization of a Chromosomal Rearrangement Involved in the Adaptive Evolution of Yeast Strains
2002
Wine yeast strains show a high level of chromosome length polymorphism. This polymorphism is mainly generated by illegitimate recombination mediated by Ty transposons or subtelomeric repeated sequences. We have found, however, that the SSU1-R allele, which confers sulfite resistance to yeast cells, is the product of a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes VIII and XVI due to unequal crossing-over mediated by microhomology between very short sequences on the 5' upstream regions of the SSU1 and ECM34 genes. We also show that this translocation is only present in wine yeast strains, suggesting that the use for millennia of sulfite as a preservative in wine production could have favored …
CO rebinding kinetics and molecular dynamics simulations highlight dynamic regulation of internal cavities in human cytoglobin
2013
Abstract: Cytoglobin (Cygb) was recently discovered in the human genome and localized in different tissues. It was suggested to play tissue-specific protective roles, spanning from scavenging of reactive oxygen species in neurons to supplying oxygen to enzymes in fibroblasts. To shed light on the functioning of such versatile machinery, we have studied the processes supporting transport of gaseous heme ligands in Cygb. Carbon monoxide rebinding shows a complex kinetic pattern with several distinct reaction intermediates, reflecting rebinding from temporary docking sites, second order recombination, and formation (and dissociation) of a bis-histidyl heme hexacoordinated reaction intermediate…
A genome-wide view of Caenorhabditis elegans base-substitution mutation processes
2009
Knowledge of mutation processes is central to understanding virtually all evolutionary phenomena and the underlying nature of genetic disorders and cancers. However, the limitations of standard molecular mutation detection methods have historically precluded a genome-wide understanding of mutation rates and spectra in the nuclear genomes of multicellular organisms. We applied two high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies to identify and characterize hundreds of spontaneously arising base-substitution mutations in 10 Caenorhabditis elegans mutation-accumulation (MA)-line nuclear genomes. C. elegans mutation rate estimates were similar to previous calculations based on smaller numbers of m…
Genomics and the gene transcription kinetics in yeast.
2007
As an adaptive response to new conditions, mRNA concentrations in eukaryotes are readjusted after any environmental change. Although mRNA concentrations can be modified by altering synthesis and/or degradation rates, the rapidity of the transition to a new concentration depends on the regulation of mRNA stability. There are several plausible transcriptional strategies following environmental change, reflecting different degrees of compromise between speed of response and cost of synthesis. The recent development of genomic techniques now enables researchers to determine simultaneously (either directly or indirectly) the transcription rates and mRNA half-lifes, together with mRNA concentrati…
Consenso Delphi de las recomendaciones para el tratamiento de los pacientes con atrofia muscular espinal en España (consenso RET-AME)
2021
Resumen Introduccion La atrofia muscular espinal (AME) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa, causada por una mutacion bialelica del gen 5q SMN1, que afecta predominantemente a las neuronas motoras del asta anterior medular causando una progresiva debilidad y atrofia muscular. La aparicion de tratamientos modificadores del curso de la enfermedad esta cambiando considerablemente la historia natural de la AME, pero existe todavia incertidumbre sobre que pacientes se pueden beneficiar de estos tratamientos y como se deberia medir ese beneficio. Metodologia Un grupo de expertos especialistas en neurologia, neuropediatria y rehabilitacion, y de la asociacion de pacientes con AME de Espana, analiza…