Search results for "health care economics and organizations"

Osimertinib in first-line treatment of advanced EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer: a cost–effectiveness analysis

2019

Aim: Osimertinib improves progression-free survival in first-line EGFR mutation–positive non-small-cell lung cancer. Materials & methods: A Markov cohort model including costs, utilities and disutilities, was conducted to estimate quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and incremental cost–effectiveness ratio when treating with osimertinib versus standard first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Results: Osimertinib presented higher QALYs (0.61) compared with standard EGFR–TKIs (0.42). Osimertinib costs were €83,258.99, in comparison with €29,209.45 for the standard EGFR–TKIs. An incremental cost–effectiveness ratio of €273,895.36/QALY was obtained for osimertinib. Conclusion: Osimerti…

Biomarker Analysis in Patients (pts) with Steroid-Refractory Acute Graft-Vs-Host Disease (aGVHD) Treated with Ruxolitinib (RUX) or Best Available The…

2020

BACKGROUND aGVHD, a common complication of allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT), is driven by proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that activate the immune system, resulting in end-organ damage. Steroids are first-line treatment but up to 50% of pts are steroid refractory (SR), resulting in high mortality and morbidity. RUX, a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, inhibits cytokine-dependent activation of the JAK-STAT pathway and cell proliferation and differentiation, which prevents worsening of aGVHD and allows recovery. JAK pathway inhibition by RUX may also lead to modulation of proinflammatory cytokines and prognostic GVHD biomarkers. The phase 3 randomized REACH2 trial (NCT02913261) in SR aGV…

Investigator-initiated trials of targeted oncology agents: why independent research is at risk?

2010

Background: Drug development traditionally has relied upon the complementary contributions of clinicians and scientists at academic institutions and at pharmaceutical companies. Greater regulatory burdens, increased bureaucratic requirements, restricted reimbursement, and spiralling research and development costs are exerting pressure on the drug development pipeline. The result is a de-emphasis of exploratory research, particularly independent academic research, despite its proven value in identifying new drug targets and developing innovative cancer therapies. Design: An expert panel assembled by the Biotherapy Development Association-a nonprofit international forum for academic and indus…

Assessment of Agricultural Options Available for Saving Orange Cultivation in Ribera Baixa (Valencia, Spain)

2014

Orange cropping has been in practice in Ribera Baixa (Valencia, Spain) for several centuries. During the past decade, orange cropping has been under severe economic stress arising from increasing competition from less-costly foreign imports. Consequently, farm-gate prices are depressed, under the regime of fixed percentage distribution of retail pricing. Orange groves are being abandoned in many instances. A practicable and sustainable solution to this persistent economic problem would require a re-structuring of the marketing system to facilitate the sales of organic products and introduction of organic growing practices for oranges as well as secondary organic tree crops.

Does board diversity affect firm performance? Evidence from the Italian Financial Sector

2017

The aim of the study is to examine the effect of diversity in the board of directors on the performance of the listed Italian financial institutions. The sample is a data set of 177 firm-year observations covering 2011 to 2014. The performance of the firm is measured by Tobin’s Q while board diversity is analysed considering the percentage of female and foreign directors on the board (or their conjoint presence as a proxy of overall demographic diversity) and task-diversity is measured by board interlocking directorship and busy directors. Findings suggest that female directors have no effect on firm performance. Foreign directors and interlocking directorship have, instead, a positive stat…

2019

Abstract This paper examines the labor-market returns to a new form of postsecondary vocational education: vocational master's degrees. We use individual fixed effects models on a matched sample of students and non-students from Finland to capture any time-invariant differences across individuals. We find that attendance in vocational master's programs leads to an earnings increase of more than seven percent five years after entry. The estimated effect remains positive even if selection on unobservables is twice as strong as selection on observables. Earnings gains are similar by gender and age, but they are marginally higher for those in the health sector than for those in the business or …

The Return-to-Entrepreneurship Puzzle

2013

The returns to entrepreneurship are monetary and non-monetary. We offer new evidence on these returns using a large sample of genetically identical male twins. Our within-twin analysis suggests that OLS estimates are downwards, and traditional first-differenced panel data estimates upwards biased. We find no differences in the earnings of men with either low or high education. Our within-twin analysis of non-monetary returns shows that entrepreneurs with low education work longer hours and have greater responsibilities, but also face a reduced risk of divorce and less monotonous work tasks. The same does not apply to highly educated entrepreneurs.

How does an allowance for a non-working younger partner affect the retirement behaviour of couples?

2021

AbstractWe examine the effect of the partner allowance (PA) in the Dutch pension system on the retirement decisions of couples using administrative data. PA was paid to people who receive the public old-age pension with a partner younger than the state pension age (SPA) and with a low own income. PA worked as a financial incentive to retire earlier, especially for the younger partners. As of 1 April 2015, new old-age pensioners are no longer entitled to this allowance. We estimate the effect of this reform on the retirement behaviour of each spouse. To account for the fact that at the same time, another reform essentially put an end to generous early retirement arrangements, we compare sing…

Membership duration in a Spanish union : a survival analysis

2013

Background of INCASI Project H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 GA 691004. WP1: Compilation This article presents an analysis of the characteristics that are associated with union membership duration using data from the membership registers of the largest Spanish trade union: Comisiones Obreras (CCOO, Workers' Commissions). Making use of survival analysis techniques, the results indicate that the shortest membership durations and the highest risks of leaving are associated with workers with poor employment conditions, mainly youth and foreigners, as well as those in firms, economic sectors, and territories where the union has a rather weak presence. As workers in these situations represent the majority o…

Promoting inter‐professional teamwork and learning – the case of a surgical operating theatre

2010

Hospitals, and surgical operating theatres (OTs) in particular, are environments in which inter‐professional teamwork and learning are essential to secure patient safety and effective practice. However, it has been revealed in many studies that inter‐professional collaborative work in hospital organisations faces many challenges and constraints. In this study we examine surgical operations as participatory practices from the perspective of inter‐professional learning and cooperation. We ask what kinds of shared practices enable learning and collaboration within the surgical operating team. We used an ethnographic approach to data collection including observations and interviews of surgical …