Search results for "hierarchy"

Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship and Business Sustainability

2018

Abstract: Sustainability is becoming increasingly important for society, and the creation of business ventures is one area where sustainability is critical. We examined the factors affecting actions that are designed to foster business sustainability. These factors are related to the environment, behavior, human relations, and business activity. Based on questionnaire responses from experts, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to rank sustainable business criteria according to their importance for entrepreneurs starting sustainable businesses. The results indicate that the most important drivers of sustainable entrepreneurship are behavioral factors and business factors. Et…

Are Problems with Violence and the Lack of Public Safety a Barrier to Entrepreneurship?

2015

Scholars cite violence as a potential barrier to entrepreneurial activity in El Salvador. Using AHP, this research aims to rank the socioeconomic and political barriers to entrepreneurship in El Salvador. The analysis stresses the importance of citizen security as a barrier to entrepreneurial activity.

Testing the Role of Comparative Advantage and Learning in Wage and Promotion Dynamics

2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically whether job assignment, based on comparative advantage and learning about workers’ abilities, can explain wage and promotion dynamics within firms.Design/methodology/approachThe Gibbons and Waldman model is estimated in a generalized method of moments (GMM) framework using a unique data set on white‐collar workers in Norway, for the years 1987‐1997. The estimation is carried out on two occupational groups: technical and administrative white‐collar workers.FindingsThe placing of workers in a given position within a firm's hierarchy is based on comparative advantage. Both measurable and unmeasurable skills are important. This hold…

Human experts vs. machines in taxa recognition

2020

The step of expert taxa recognition currently slows down the response time of many bioassessments. Shifting to quicker and cheaper state-of-the-art machine learning approaches is still met with expert scepticism towards the ability and logic of machines. In our study, we investigate both the differences in accuracy and in the identification logic of taxonomic experts and machines. We propose a systematic approach utilizing deep Convolutional Neural Nets with the transfer learning paradigm and extensively evaluate it over a multi-pose taxonomic dataset with hierarchical labels specifically created for this comparison. We also study the prediction accuracy on different ranks of taxonomic hier…

Probabilistic and team PFIN-type learning: General properties

2008

We consider the probability hierarchy for Popperian FINite learning and study the general properties of this hierarchy. We prove that the probability hierarchy is decidable, i.e. there exists an algorithm that receives p_1 and p_2 and answers whether PFIN-type learning with the probability of success p_1 is equivalent to PFIN-type learning with the probability of success p_2. To prove our result, we analyze the topological structure of the probability hierarchy. We prove that it is well-ordered in descending ordering and order-equivalent to ordinal epsilon_0. This shows that the structure of the hierarchy is very complicated. Using similar methods, we also prove that, for PFIN-type learning…

Convergence analysis for hierarchical longitudinal data

2018

Abstract Convergence analysis is typically envisaged either from a macro or a micro perspective. However, empirical tests tend to ignore that the two levels are often “nested” in a hierarchy. Building on hierarchical growth curve modelling, we propose an approach to convergence analysis that allows contemporaneous inference on macro and micro-convergence. Compared to the classic linear convergence analysis, the suggested methodology provides a more flexible alternative to model heterogeneity and validate the results for possible Galton's fallacy. We illustrate the approach in two empirical examples, one considering convergence across European regions and countries and the other across Itali…

PRIVATE FINANCING ALTERNATIVES FOR INFRASTRUCTURE OF STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES

2018

The aim of the article is to examine infrastructure classification and assess private financing alternativesfor major groups of physical infrastructure under ownership of state owned enterprises in Latvia.Tasks of the research include examining types infrastructure with a focus on physical infrastructure,explaining importance of physical infrastructure to economy of a country and society, studying physicalinfrastructure financing challenges and problems, conducting a research on a state owned enterprisesin Latvia, which own physical infrastructure, conducting expert interviews to reveal key challenges ofprivate financing alternatives for funding of infrastructure of state owned enterprises …

Selecting between CNC turning centers using a combined AHP and fuzzy approach

2019

Abstract CNC turning centers (CNCTC) are designed to perform simple turning operations, for parts having a symmetry axis. However, the flexibility of these machine-tools is increasing rapidly. Supplementary modules, such as Y-axis and driven tools, which allow the user to perform milling operations, are fitted on CNCTC. Selecting the proper CNCTC, out of a great number of commercially available solution has become a very difficult task. A combined approach using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy logic is proposed, to assist the decision-making process of choosing between three variants of CNCTC.

Cancellation, pumping and permutation in formal languages

1984

Sonority as a Phonological Cue in Early Perception of Written Syllables in French

2020

Many studies focused on the letter and sound co-occurrences to account for the well-documented syllable-based effects in French in visual (pseudo)word processing. Although these language-specific statistical properties are crucial, recent data suggest that studies that go all-in on phonological and orthographic regularities may be misguided in interpreting how—and why—readers locate syllable boundaries and segment clusters. Indeed, syllable-based effects could depend on more abstract, universal phonological constraints that rule and govern how letter and sound occur and co-occur, and readers could be sensitive to sonority—a universal phonological element—for processing (pseudo)words. Here, …