Search results for "host"
showing 10 items of 1982 documents
RATIONAL DESIGN OF ANTI-HERPES VIRUS ANTI-METABOLITES
1979
Publisher Summary This chapter presents rational design of anti-herpes virus anti-metabolites. Herpesviruses, having DNA as their genetic material, are usually divided into type 1 and type 2 by antigenic differences and by biochemical markers. Herpesviruses are capable to persist in the host they infect, and around 75 % of those persons who were primary infected are afflicted during their lives with recurrent herpetic eruptions. The herpesviruses contain genetic information for the inhibition of the host cell metabolism; but at low multiplicities of infection the infected cells make interferon only. The spectrum of antiviral substances is large. However, only few compounds have been shown t…
Looking for pathways related to COVID-19 phenotypes: Confirmation of pathogenic mechanisms by SARS-CoV-2 - Host interactome
2020
AbstractIn the last months, many studies have clearly described several mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection at cell and tissue level. Host conditions and comorbidities were identified as risk factors for severe and fatal disease courses, but the mechanisms of interaction between host and SARS-CoV-2 determining the grade of COVID- 19 severity, are still unknown.We provide a network analysis on protein–protein interactions (PPI) between viral and host proteins to better identify host biological responses, induced by both whole proteome of SARS-CoV-2 and specific viral proteins. A host-virus interactome was inferred on published PPI, using an explorative algorithm (Random Walk with Restart) tri…
Plant surfaces of vegetable crops mediate interactions between chemical footprints of true bugs and their egg parasitoids.
2009
During the host location process, egg parasitoids can eavesdrop on chemical cues released from immature and adult hosts. These indirect host-related cues are highly detectable, but of low reliability because they lead egg parasitoid females to an area where oviposition is likely to occur rather then providing wasps with direct information on the presence of eggs and their location. In the host-parasitoid associations between true bugs and their scelionid egg parasitoids, female wasps perceive the chemical residues left by host adults walking on substrates as contact kairomones, displaying a characteristic arrestment posture. In this study, we demonstrated that epicuticular waxes of leaves o…
The intestinal 3M (microbiota, metabolism, metabolome) zeitgeist – from fundamentals to future challenges
2021
The role of the intestine in human health and disease has historically been neglected and was mostly attributed to digestive and absorptive functions. In the past two decades, however, discoveries related to human nutrition and intestinal host-microbe reciprocal interaction have established the essential role of intestinal health in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases and the overall wellbeing. That transfer of gut microbiota could be a means of disease phenotype transfer has revolutionized our understanding of chronic disease pathogenesis. This narrative review highlights the major concepts related to intestinal microbiota, metabolism, and metabolome (3M) that have facilitated our fundame…
Immigrant Involvement in Voluntary Associations in Europe
2012
This paper measures the impact of immigration on migrants' involvement in associations across Europe. Using multilevel analysis on European Social Survey (ESS) data, we address three questions: Are immigrants likely to become members in voluntary associations? Does this likelihood change with the length of stay in the host country? Does the type of the association make a difference? The findings show that the likelihood of migrants participating in associations increases with the length of stay, while second-generation migrant participation is similar to that of the host society. The relation is stronger for expressive associations and weaker for instrumental-utilitarian ones, while religio…
Interpretation and Discussion of the Results
2014
Reflecting both interviews as well as the different topics, it can be said that the terms sustainability and legacy have become important issues. Even though UEFA did not regulate aspects of sustainability in their bid requirements for the EURO 2008, certain sustainability initiatives and processes did evolve from 2002 until the realization of the tournament in 2008. Although UEFA was positively influenced by the IOC and its sustainability and legacy concepts, it can be questioned that other subjects, like having a good, professionally organized event are still more important than prioritizing and implementing the theme of legacy.
FIFA World Cup 2006 and its legacy on tourism
2007
This chapter discusses the legacy of the FIFA Football World Cup 2006 and its effects on tourism. First of all, the ‘concept of legacy’ is defined. The problems of measuring and forecasting tourism legacy are then discussed. Facts are presented which demonstrate that benchmarks and methods for measuring tourism growth triggered by a major football tournament are not relevant for detecting event tourism legacy. Hence, a bottom-up approach is introduced, which identifies the event legacy by evaluating all football World Cup-related changes in the host cities and the host country. These changes are the so called six ‘event structures’ (infrastructure, knowledge, image, emotions, networks, cult…
Vertical FDI Revisited
2003
This study explores how relative skilled-wage premia affect FDI. Contrary to previous studies based on factor endowment differences, we find strong support for vertical FDI, in the sense that more FDI is conducted in countries where unskilled labor is relatively cheap. In addition, we find that relative skill-premia also affect FDI activities that have previously been associated with horizontal FDI, i.e. local affiliate sales. Consequently, the potential effects of changes in the relative wage costs on international production reallocation within MNEs are large. In fact, if not for the 8% rise in the US skilled wage premium relative to the average host country between 1986- 1994, annual US …
Conclusion and Future
2014
After being awarded the EURO 2008, Switzerland faced several challenges related to hosting such a mega sport event. The research has explored how knowledge transfer and the use of certain management tools were important in Switzerland’s organization of fifteen matches and to achieving a happy and prosperous football festival in Switzerland.
A three-way perspective of stoichiometric changes on host–parasite interactions
2015
Changes in environmental nutrients play a crucial role in driving disease dynamics, but global patterns in nutrient-driven changes in disease are difficult to predict. In this paper we use ecological stoichiometry as a framework to review host–parasite interactions under changing nutrient ratios, focusing on three pathways: (i) altered host resistance and parasite virulence through host stoichiometry (ii) changed encounter or contact rates at population level, and (iii) changed host community structure. We predict that the outcome of nutrient changes on host–parasite interactions depends on which pathways are modified, and suggest that the outcome of infection could depend on the overlap in…