Search results for "init"

showing 10 items of 6629 documents

Optimization of net power density in Reverse Electrodialysis

2019

Abstract Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) extracts electrical energy from the salinity difference between two solutions using selective ion exchange membranes. In RED, conditions yielding a large net power density (NPD) are generally desired, due to the still large cost of the membranes. NPD depends on a large number of physical and geometric parameters. Some of these, for example the inlet concentrations of concentrate and diluate, can be regarded as “scenario” variables, imposed by external constraints (e.g., availability) or chosen by different criteria than NPD maximization. Others, namely the thicknesses HCONC, HDIL and the velocities UCONC, UDIL in the concentrate and diluate channels, c…

OptimizationSettore ING-IND/26 - Teoria Dello Sviluppo Dei Processi ChimiciMathematical optimization020209 energy02 engineering and technologyIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering020401 chemical engineeringStack (abstract data type)Reversed electrodialysisReverse electrodialysi0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering0204 chemical engineeringElectrical and Electronic EngineeringSettore ING-IND/19 - Impianti NucleariCivil and Structural EngineeringPower densityMathematicsGradient ascentOptimization algorithmMechanical EngineeringElectric potential energySalinity gradientBuilding and ConstructionMaximizationNet (mathematics)PollutionNet power densityGeneral EnergyIon-exchange membranesEnergy
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The effect of macromolecular architecture of ethylene copolymers with multi-alkenylsilsesquioxane on morphological, rheological and dynamic mechanica…

2021

Abstract The influence of the degree and the way of incorporation of multi-alkenylsilsesquioxane into the polymer chain on morphological, rheological and dynamic mechanical parameters were determined. It was found that POSS incorporated into the polymer chain was located outside the crystalline structure of lamella in amorphous phase. The incorporation of POSS-6-2 as a pendant group resulted in significant increase of separation of macromolecules. The key factor in rheological and dynamic mechanical behavior of copolymers turned out to be the way of POSS incorporation into the polymer chain. The incorporation of POSS into the polymer chain as a pendant group resulted in decreased relaxation…

chemistry.chemical_classificationMaterials sciencePolymers and PlasticsOrganic Chemistry02 engineering and technologyPolymerWAXS and SAXS study010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciences0104 chemical sciencesCrystallinityLamella (surface anatomy)chemistryRheologyChemical engineeringViscoelastic propertiesMaterials ChemistryCopolymerMulti-alkenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS)0210 nano-technologyPendant groupGlass transitionMacromoleculePolymer
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Effects of exercise and diet interventions on obesity-related sleep disorders in men: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

2013

Abstract Background Sleep is essential for normal and healthy living. Lack of good quality sleep affects physical, mental and emotional functions. Currently, the treatments of obesity-related sleep disorders focus more on suppressing sleep-related symptoms pharmaceutically and are often accompanied by side effects. Thus, there is urgent need for alternative ways to combat chronic sleep disorders. This study will investigate underlying mechanisms of the effects of exercise and diet intervention on obesity-related sleep disorders, the role of gut microbiota in relation to poor quality of sleep and day-time sleepiness, as well as the levels of hormones responsible for sleep-wake cycle regulati…

MaleLifestyle interventionTime FactorsPsychological interventionMedicine (miscellaneous)Polysomnographyunettomuuslaw.inventionStudy ProtocolRandomized controlled trialClinical ProtocolslawSleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersSurveys and QuestionnairesInsomniaMedicinePharmacology (medical)FinlandSleep Apnea Obstructivemedicine.diagnostic_testSleep apneaSleep disordersNeurotransmittersMiddle AgedSleep in non-human animalsExercise TherapyIntestinesTreatment OutcomeResearch Designmedicine.symptomInflammation MediatorsSleep measurementAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyInsomniaPolysomnographyGut microbiotaAerobic exerciseHumansObesityunihäiriötAgedbusiness.industrymedicine.diseaseObstructive sleep apneaHormonesDietQuality of sleepObstructive sleep apneaPhysical therapylihavuusbusinessSleepRisk Reduction BehaviorBiomarkersTrials
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Towards an accurate molecular orbital theory for excited states : Ethene, butadiene, and hexatriene

1993

A newly proposed quantum chemical approach for ab initio calculations of electronic spectra of molecular systems is applied to the molecules ethene, trans‐1,3‐butadiene, and trans‐trans‐1,3,5‐hexatriene. The method has the aim of being accurate to better than 0.5 eV for excitation energies and is expected to provide structural and physical data for the excited states with good reliability. The approach is based on the complete active space (CAS) SCF method, which gives a proper description of the major features in the electronic structure of the excited state, independent of its complexity, accounts for all near degeneracy effects, and includes full orbital relaxation. Remaining dynamic ele…

ErrorsGeneral Physics and AstronomyPolyenesElectronic structuresymbols.namesakeRydberg StatesAb initio quantum chemistry methodsComputational chemistrySinglet statePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryTriplet state:FÍSICA::Química física [UNESCO]AccuracyExcitationCalculation MethodsButadieneTripletsChemistryMolecular orbital theoryScf CalculationsExcited StatesCalculation Methods ; Quantum Chemistry ; Ab Initio Calculations ; Electron Spectra ; Butadiene ; Accuracy ; Scf Calculations ; Triplets ; Rydberg States ; Excitation ; Errors ; Polyenes ; Excited StatesQuantum ChemistryUNESCO::FÍSICA::Química físicaElectron SpectraExcited stateRydberg formulasymbolsRydberg stateAtomic physicsAb Initio Calculations
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Simplified equivalent finite element modelling of concrete-filled steel tubular K-joints with and without studs

2022

Concrete Filled Steel Tubular (CFST) K-joints employed for truss structures gained high interest in the last years due to their widespread use in engineering practice. The overall performances of these joints can be efficiently improved by using steel studs welded in the inner surface of the steel chord filled with the concrete, avoiding punching shear failure, and improving the overall strength and ductility. However, a reliable prediction of the structural behavior of the joints is outmost of importance for the assessment of the capacity of new and existing structures, and there are no standardized design methods nowadays. In this paper, the structural performances of CFST K-joints with a…

Settore ICAR/09 - Tecnica Delle CostruzioniSimplified equivalent modellingK-jointsSteel studsConcrete filled steel tubes (CFST); Finite element modelling (FEM); K-joints; Simplified equivalent modelling; Steel studsConcrete filled steel tubes (CFST) Finite element modelling (FEM) K-joints Simplified equivalent modelling Steel studsConcrete filled steel tubes (CFST)Civil and Structural EngineeringFinite element modelling (FEM)
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Structure of longitudinal chromomagnetic fields in high energy collisions

2014

We compute expectation values of spatial Wilson loops in the forward light cone of high-energy collisions. We consider ensembles of gauge field configurations generated from a classical Gaussian effective action as well as solutions of high-energy renormalization group evolution with fixed and running coupling. The initial fields correspond to a color field condensate exhibiting domain-like structure over distance scales of order the saturation scale. At later times universal scaling emerges at large distances for all ensembles, with a nontrivial critical exponent. Finally, we compare the results for the Wilson loop to the two-point correlator of magnetic fields.

We compute expectation values of spatial Wilson loops in the forward light cone of high-energy collisions. We consider ensembles of gauge field configurations generated from a classical Gaussian effective action as well as solutions of high-energy renormalization group evolution with fixed and running coupling. The initial like structure over distance scales of oder the saturation scale. At later times universal scaling emerges at large distances for all ensembles with a nontrivial critical exponent. Finally we compare the resulats for the Wilson loop to the two-point correlator of magnetic fields. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier BV This is an open access article under the CC BY licenseNuclear and High Energy PhysicsWilson loopLARGE NUCLEINuclear TheoryField (physics)FOS: Physical sciences114 Physical sciences01 natural sciencesColor-glass condensateRENORMALIZATION-GROUPNuclear Theory (nucl-th)GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONSHigh Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)Light cone0103 physical sciencesSCATTERINGGauge theory010306 general physicsSMALL-XEffective actionPhysicsCORRELATORSta114010308 nuclear & particles physicsCOLOR GLASS CONDENSATERenormalization groupEVOLUTIONJIMWLK EQUATIONHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologySATURATIONQuantum electrodynamicsCritical exponentPhysics Letters B
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Norm, essential norm and weak compactness of weighted composition operators between dual Banach spaces of analytic functions

2017

Abstract In this paper we estimate the norm and the essential norm of weighted composition operators from a large class of – non-necessarily reflexive – Banach spaces of analytic functions on the open unit disk into weighted type Banach spaces of analytic functions and Bloch type spaces. We also show the equivalence of compactness and weak compactness of weighted composition operators from these weighted type spaces into a class of Banach spaces of analytic functions, that includes a large family of conformally invariant spaces like BMOA and analytic Besov spaces.

Discrete mathematicsMathematics::Functional AnalysisApplied MathematicsTopological tensor product010102 general mathematicsEberlein–Šmulian theoremWeakly compact operatorBloch type spaceBanach manifoldFinite-rank operator01 natural sciences010101 applied mathematicsEssential normWeighted spaces of analytic functionsFréchet spaceWeighted composition operatorInterpolation spaceBirnbaum–Orlicz space0101 mathematicsLp spaceAnalysisMathematics
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The Average State Complexity of the Star of a Finite Set of Words Is Linear

2008

We prove that, for the uniform distribution over all sets Xof m(that is a fixed integer) non-empty words whose sum of lengths is n, $\mathcal{D}_X$, one of the usual deterministic automata recognizing X*, has on average $\mathcal{O}(n)$ states and that the average state complexity of X*is i¾?(n). We also show that the average time complexity of the computation of the automaton $\mathcal{D}_X$ is $\mathcal{O}(n\log n)$, when the alphabet is of size at least three.

Uniform distribution (continuous)ComputationStar (game theory)0102 computer and information sciences02 engineering and technology[INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM]01 natural sciencesCombinatoricsInteger0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringTime complexityFinite setMathematicsstar operationDiscrete mathematicsaverage case analysistate complexity16. Peace & justiceBinary logarithm[INFO.INFO-DM] Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM]automatonState complexity010201 computation theory & mathematicsfinite language020201 artificial intelligence & image processingComputer Science::Formal Languages and Automata Theory
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Reproductive strategy as a piece of the biogeographic puzzle: a case study using Antarctic sea stars (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)

2017

13 pages; International audience; AimTo describe and analyse asteroid biogeographic patterns in the Southern Ocean (SO) and test whether reproductive strategy (brooder versus broadcaster) can explain distribution patterns at the scale of the entire class. We hypothesize that brooding and broadcasting species display different biogeographic patterns.LocationSouthern Ocean, south of 45 °S.MethodsOver 14,000 asteroid occurrences are analysed using bootstrapped spanning network (BSN), non-metrical multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and clustering to uncover the spatial structure of faunal similarities among 25 bioregions.ResultsMain biogeographic patterns are congruent with previous works based on…

0106 biological sciencesBiogeographyinvertebrate[SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/BiodiversityBiologysea stars010603 evolutionary biology01 natural sciencesreproductive modeAsteroidea [Starfish]PaleontologyBenthosBenthos14. Life underwaterMultidimensional scalingSouthern OceanEndemismEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsInvertebrate[ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity[ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and EcologyEchinodermata [Echinoderms]EcologyEcology010604 marine biology & hydrobiologybenthosAffinitiesbiogeographic barrierTaxonregionalizationAntarcticaSpecies richness[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and EcologyEchinodermata
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Relativistic, model-independent, multichannel $2\to2$ transition amplitudes in a finite volume

2016

We derive formalism for determining $\textbf{2} + \mathcal J \to \textbf{2}$ infinite-volume transition amplitudes from finite-volume matrix elements. Specifically, we present a relativistic, model-independent relation between finite-volume matrix elements of external currents and the physically observable infinite-volume matrix elements involving two-particle asymptotic states. The result presented holds for states composed of two scalar bosons. These can be identical or non-identical and, in the latter case, can be either degenerate or non-degenerate. We further accommodate any number of strongly-coupled two-scalar channels. This formalism will, for example, allow future lattice QCD calcu…

PhysicsFinite volume methodBethe–Salpeter equationNuclear Theory010308 nuclear & particles physicsDegenerate energy levelsHigh Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)FOS: Physical sciencesObservableParity (physics)Lattice QCD01 natural sciencesScattering amplitudeNuclear Theory (nucl-th)High Energy Physics - LatticeQuantum mechanics0103 physical sciences010306 general physicsBosonMathematical physics
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