Search results for "leukocyte"

Genomics Meets Cancer Immunotherapy

2014

High-throughput cancer genomics and bioinformatics are revolutionizing our ability to profile tumor samples. With next-generation sequencing (NGS) and high-performance computing (HPC) platforms, we have developed the infrastructures to determine and characterize tumor genomes and transcriptomes within days. Now, we are integrating these platforms into both cancer immunology and patient therapy decision-making. Here, we briefly describe the technology platforms and highlight several emerging applications: profiling of tumor mutations and gene expression; determination of HLA type and tumor expression, enabling prediction of immunogenic tumor mutations; and identification of viruses present i…

Near-fatal asthma phenotype in the ENFUMOSA Cohort.

2007

Summary Background Near-fatal asthma (NFA) is characterized by severe asthma attacks usually requiring intensive care unit admission. This phenotype of asthma has been studied mainly in acute conditions. Methods The aim of our study was to compare the clinical, functional and inflammatory characteristics of NFA patients with mild to severe asthmatics in stable conditions. We recruited 155 asthmatic patients from five centres of the European Network for Understanding Mechanisms of Severe Asthma: 67 patients with mild-to-moderate asthma controlled by low/medium doses of inhaled corticosteroids; 64 with severe asthma that, despite treatment with high doses of inhaled corticosteroids, long-acti…

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte rheology, cytosolic Ca2+ content, beta2-integrin expression and oxidative stress in hypertension.

2008

The T-cell response in patients with cancer

2002

Publisher Summary The chapter examines several methods to measure human T-cell responses, including ELISPOT analysis, intracellular cytokine staining of immune cells after antigenic stimulation, limiting dilution analysis, conventional cloning, and molecular definition of the T-cell response either in the peripheral circulation or in situ in patients with cancer The chapter presents the cellular immune response in patients with cancer. The chapter explores the recent studies that suggest humoral immunity and T-cell-mediated immunity are closely linked. In addition, most of the data concerning antitumor immune responses have been generated using MHC class I tetramer reagents. The ultimate go…

Identification and Functional Characterization of Human Cd4+Cd25+ T Cells with Regulatory Properties Isolated from Peripheral Blood

2001

A subpopulation of peripheral human CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells that expresses CD45RO, histocompatibility leukocyte antigen DR, and intracellular cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA) 4 does not expand after stimulation and markedly suppresses the expansion of conventional T cells in a contact-dependent manner. After activation, CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells express CTLA-4 on the surface detectable for several weeks. These cells show a G1/G0 cell cycle arrest and no production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, or interferon (IFN)-gamma on either protein or mRNA levels. The anergic state of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells is not reversible by the addition of anti-CD28, anti-CTLA-4, anti-transforming growth fa…

Minimal peripheral blood cells carrying clonal markers of b cell disorders: Evidence for monoclonality of circulating lymphocytes in patients with mu…

1989

Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 20 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) were assayed for clonality by Southern blot and cell surface marker analysis. Eight samples showed monoclonal origin of circulating lymphocytes by demonstrating rearrangements of the heavy chain immunoglobulin gene (IgH). In selected experiments, comparison of IgH rearrangements of bone marrow plasma cells and peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells, highly enriched for B lymphocytes, proved to be identical. However, monoclonal circulating cells could not be detected in samples with rearranged IgH genes by surface marker phenotyping using one-color immunofluorescence analysis and a panel of monoclonal and polycl…

Impact of MHC class I alleles on the M. tuberculosis antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell response in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

2007

Challenged by scattered understanding of protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), we have mapped peptide epitopes to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0101, A*0201, A*1101, A*2402, B*0702, B*0801 and B*1501 of the secreted mycobacterial antigen Ag85B, a vaccine candidate that may be associated with immune protection. Affinity (ED(50)) and half-life (t(1/2), off-rate) analysis for individual peptide species on HLA-A and HLA-B molecules revealed binding ranges between 10(-3) and 10(-7) M. After selection of the best matches, major histocompatibility complex class I/peptide tetramer complexes were constructed to measure the CD8+ T-cell responses directly ex vivo in peripheral blo…

Human papillomavirus infection requires cell surface heparan sulfate.

2001

ABSTRACT Using pseudoinfection of cell lines, we demonstrate that cell surface heparan sulfate is required for infection by human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) and HPV-33 pseudovirions. Pseudoinfection was inhibited by heparin but not dermatan or chondroitin sulfate, reduced by reducing the level of surface sulfation, and abolished by heparinase treatment. Carboxy-terminally deleted HPV-33 virus-like particles still bound efficiently to heparin. The kinetics of postattachment neutralization by antiserum or heparin indicated that pseudovirions were shifted on the cell surface from a heparin-sensitive into a heparin-resistant mode of binding, possibly involving a secondary receptor. Alpha-6…

TNFA promoter polymorphisms and narcolepsy

2003

Narcolepsy is a debilitating sleep disorder that affects up to 0.05% of individuals in Caucasian populations. It is highly associated with the HLA-DR2 group antigen or the HLA-DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602 haplotype, respectively. However, the HLA association by itself cannot sufficiently explain the increased risk to family members, as HLA-DR2 is quite common in the general population and most people harboring the respective genotype do not develop any symptoms of narcolepsy. Situated in the HLA class II region, the TNFA gene is translated into the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha. TNFA promoter polymorphisms have been linked to several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We analyzed three SNP …

Human Siglec-10 can bind to vascular adhesion protein-1 and serves as its substrate

2009

AbstractLeukocytes migrate from the blood into areas of inflammation by interacting with various adhesion molecules on endothelial cells. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a glycoprotein expressed on inflamed endothelium where it plays a dual role: it is both an enzyme that oxidizes primary amines and an adhesin that is involved in leukocyte trafficking to sites of inflammation. Although VAP-1 was identified more than 15 years ago, the counterreceptor(s) for VAP-1 on leukocytes has remained unknown. Here we have identified Siglec-10 as a leukocyte ligand for VAP-1 using phage display screenings. The binding between Siglec-10 and VAP-1 was verified by different adhesion assays, and this…