Search results for "magneetit"

Surfactant-based enrichment of rare earth elements from NdFeB magnet e-waste: Optimisation of cloud formation and rare earths extraction

2023

Appropriate waste and resource management are essential for a sustainable circular economy with reduced environmental impact. With critical resources, e-waste may serve as indirect raw material. For example, with NdFeB permanent magnets, Neodymium (Nd) and the co-present Dysprosium (Dy) are critical rare earth elements (REEs). However, there exists no economically viable technology for recycling them from electronic waste (e-waste). Here, a method is presented based on cloud point extraction (CPE). The work involves basic complexation chemistry in a cloud medium with pure REE salts, as well as, with real NdFeB-magnets (nearly 28% REE content by weight) from an old hard disk drive (5.2 g mag…

Metal-organic magnets with large coercivity and ordering temperatures up to 242°C.

2020

International audience; Magnets derived from inorganic materials (e.g., oxides, rare-earth–based, and intermetallic compounds) are key components of modern technological applications. Despite considerable success in a broad range of applications, these inorganic magnets suffer several drawbacks, including energetically expensive fabrication, limited availability of certain constituent elements, high density, and poor scope for chemical tunability. A promising design strategy for next-generation magnets relies on the versatile coordination chemistry of abundant metal ions and inexpensive organic ligands. Following this approach, we report the general, simple, and efficient synthesis of light…

Harvinaisten maametallien talteenotto NdFeB -magneeteista

2017

Tutkielman kirjallisessa osassa käsitellään yleisesti harvinaisia maametalleja, niiden ominaisuuksia, valmistusta, käyttökohteita ja kierrätystä lopputuotteista. Harvinaisten maametallien käyttökohteista keskitytään neodyymi-rauta-boori -magneetteihin (NdFeB -magneetit) ja niiden kierrätykseen. Tutkielmassa käydään läpi erilaiset harvinaisten maametallien hydrometallurgiset ja pyrometallurgiset talteenottomenetelmät. Tutkimusprojektissa pyrittiin kehittämään NdFeB -magneettien kierrätysmenetelmä, jolla magneettien harvinaiset maametallit saataisiin erotettua muista magneettien sisältämistä alkuaineista, kuten raudasta, boorista, koboltista ja nikkelistä. Kehitettiin menetelmä, jolla NdFeB -…

Anomalous current in diffusive ferromagnetic Josephson junctions

2017

We demonstrate that in diffusive superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor (S/F/S) junctions a finite, anomalous Josephson current can flow even at zero phase difference between the S electrodes. The conditions for the observation of this effect are noncoplanar magnetization distribution and a broken magnetization inversion symmetry of the superconducting current. The latter symmetry is intrinsic for the widely used quasiclassical approximation and prevented previous works based on this approximation from obtaining the Josephson anomalous current. We show that this symmetry can be removed by introducing spin-dependent boundary conditions for the quasiclassical equations at the superconducti…

Quasiclassical free energy of superconductors : Disorder-driven first-order phase transition in superconductor/ferromagnetic-insulator bilayers

2020

In the seminal work by G. Eilenberger, Z. Phys. 214, 195 (1968), a closed-form expression for the free energy of inhomogeneous spin-singlet superconductor in terms of quasiclassical propagators has been suggested. However, deriving this expression and generalizing it for superconductors or superfluids with general matrix structure, e.g., spin-triplet correlations, has remained problematic. Starting from the Luttinger-Ward formulation, we discuss here the general solution. Besides ordinary superconductors with various scattering mechanisms, the obtained free-energy functional can be used for systems, such as superfluid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and superconducting systems with spatially inhomogeneou…

Nonlinear spin torque, pumping, and cooling in superconductor/ferromagnet systems

2020

We study the effects of the coupling between magnetization dynamics and the electronic degrees of freedom in a heterostructure of a metallic nanomagnet with dynamic magnetization coupled with a superconductor containing a steady spin-splitting field. We predict how this system exhibits a non-linear spin torque, which can be driven either with a temperature difference or a voltage across the interface. We generalize this notion to arbitrary magnetization precession by deriving a Keldysh action for the interface, describing the coupled charge, heat and spin transport in the presence of a precessing magnetization. We characterize the effect of superconductivity on the precession damping and th…

Experimental Realization of a Dirac Monopole through the Decay of an Isolated Monopole

2017

We experimentally observe the decay dynamics of deterministically created isolated monopoles in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates. As the condensate undergoes a change between magnetic phases, the isolated monopole gradually evolves into a spin configuration hosting a Dirac monopole in its synthetic magnetic field. We characterize in detail the Dirac monopole by measuring the particle densities of the spin states projected along different quantization axes. Importantly, we observe the spontaneous emergence of nodal lines in the condensate density that accompany the Dirac monopole. We also demonstrate that the monopole decay accelerates in weaker magnetic field gradients.

Controlling magnetism through Ising superconductivity in magnetic van der Waals heterostructures

2022

Van der Waals heterostructures have risen as a tunable platform to combine different electronic orders, due to the flexibility in stacking different materials with competing symmetry broken states. Among them, van der Waals ferromagnets such as CrI3 and superconductors as NbSe2 provide a natural platform to engineer novel phenomena at ferromagnet-superconductor interfaces. In particular, NbSe2 is well known for hosting strong spin-orbit coupling effects that influence the properties of the superconducting state. Here we put forward a ferromagnet/NbSe2/ferromagnet heterostructure where the interplay between Ising superconductivity in NbSe2 and magnetism controls the magnetic alignment of the…

RITU:n kehittäminen ja kaasutäytteisiin separaattoreihin liittyvää ionioptiikkaa

2004

Domain wall motion in a diffusive weak ferromagnet

2019

We study the domain wall motion in a disordered weak ferromagnet, induced by injecting a spin current from a strong ferromagnet. Starting from the spin diffusion equation describing the spin accumulation in the weak ferromagnet, we calculate the force and torque acting on the domain wall. We also study the ensuing domain wall dynamics, and suggest a possible measurement method for detecting the domain wall motion via measuring the additional resistance.