Search results for "neutrophils"
showing 10 items of 316 documents
The Value of a Complete Blood Count (CBC) for Sepsis Diagnosis and Prognosis.
2021
Sepsis represents an important global health burden due to its high mortality and morbidity. The rapid detection of sepsis is crucial in order to prevent adverse outcomes and reduce mortality. However, the diagnosis of sepsis is still challenging and many efforts have been made to identify reliable biomarkers. Unfortunately, many investigated biomarkers have several limitations that do not support their introduction in clinical practice, such as moderate diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, long turn-around time, and high-costs. Complete blood count represents instead a precious test that provides a wealth of information on individual health status. It can guide clinicians to early-identify …
Synthesis and biological evaluation of sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitors with anti-inflammatory activity.
2019
The synthesis of inhibitors of SphK2 with novel structural scaffolds is reported. These compounds were designed from a molecular modeling study, in which the molecular interactions stabilizing the different complexes were taken into account. Particularly interesting is that 7‐bromo‐2‐(2‐phenylethyl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,4‐epoxynaphtho[1,2‐b]azepine, which is a selective inhibitor of SphK2, does not exert any cytotoxic effects and has a potent anti‐inflammatory effect. It was found to inhibit mononuclear cell adhesion to the dysfunctional endothelium with minimal impact on neutrophil–endothelial cell interactions. The information obtained from our theoretical and experimental study can be us…
Anti-inflammatory activity of 5-O-demethylnobiletin, a polymethoxyflavone isolated from Sideritis tragoriganum.
2006
We have studied the effect of 5- O-demethylnobiletin ( 1) on both the inflammation of mouse ears induced by repeated application of 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and the acute mouse paw oedemas induced by carrageenan and phospholipase A (2) (PLA (2)), and determined its activity on 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and elastase release/activity. Compound 1 reduced the oedema formation, cell infiltration, and tissue damage in the inflammation induced by TPA in mouse ears, along with the acute oedema induced by carrageenan in mouse paws and the acute PLA (2)-induced oedema in mouse paws. The flavone inhibited leukotriene B (4) formation in rat neutrophils and elastase release in human neut…
IgG anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) in type I diabetes mellitus; induction of adhesion molecule expression in cultured endothelial cells
1998
SUMMARYAECA were detected in 25 of 71 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in two of 33 healthy subjects. Patients with diabetes of < 1 year duration and those with long-standing disease had the highest levels of these antibodies. Inhibition studies suggest that at least part of the AECA reactivity is due to cross-reactive anti-ssDNA antibodies. AECA-positive sera were able to increase intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Increased binding of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells was also found to accompany raised E-selectin expression. Soluble ICAM-1 and E-selectin were also found to be increased in the sera of AE…
Association between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and C-reactive protein levels and metabolic status in patients with a bip…
2022
OBJECTIVES Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) are markers of inflammation that are elevated in bipolar disorder (BD) and are also related to a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed at investigating for the first time the association between NLR, PLR, and CRP and the metabolic status in BD. METHODS We assessed the association between biomarkers and the metabolic status: number of metabolic risk factors, presence of MetS, insulin sensitivity (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index, QUICKI) and insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, HOMA-IR index), in a sample of 219 outpa…
Pathophysiology of polymorphonuclear leukocyte in arterial hypertension
2009
This review shows how polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) play a pivotal role in the development of the organ injury that is associated with arterial hypertension. Elevated white blood cell count and higher levels of PMNs activation are risk factors for arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Spontaneously activated PMNs release proinflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species, which have negative effects on vascular tone and on their adhesion to the endothelium. The oxidative stress in hypertensive PMNs is revealed by increased NADPH-oxidase production and lipid peroxidation and by decreased cytosolic and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase concentrations. The overexpression of…
Acetylcholine mediates the release of IL-8 in human bronchial epithelial cells by a NFkB/ERK-dependent mechanism
2007
Acetylcholine may play a role in cell activation and airway inflammation. We evaluated the levels of both mRNA and protein of muscarinic M(1), M(2), M(3) receptors in human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE). 16HBE cells were also stimulated with acetylcholine and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and NFkB pathway activation as well as the IL-8 release was assessed in the presence or absence of the inhibitor of Protein-kinase (PKC) (GF109203X), of the inhibitor of mitogenic activated protein-kinase kinase (MAPKK) (PDO9805), of the inhibitor of kinaseB-alpha phosphorilation (pIkBalpha) (BAY11-7082), and of muscarinic receptor antagonists tiotropium bromide, 4-Diphenylacet…
Type II diabetics with macrovascular complications: polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) filtration, PMN membrane fluidity and cytosolic Ca2+ content af…
1998
We evaluated polymorphonuclear (PMN) filtration parameters, membrane fluidity and cytosolic Ca2+ content in 21 normal subjects and in 18 type II diabetics with macrovascular complications (MVC). Evaluations were carried out at baseline and after in vitro activation prolonged for 5 and 15 min. PMA (4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) and fMLP (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine) were used as stimulating agents. TMA-DPH (1-[4-(trimethylamino)phenyl]-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene) was used as fluorescent probe for the membrane fluidity tests and Fura 2-AM for the cytosolic Ca2+ content. A significant variation was evident in PMN filtration parameters at 5 and 15 min. No variation was present i…
Chronic periodontitis impairs polymorphonuclear leucocyte-endothelium cell interactions and oxidative stress in humans.
2018
Aim To evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress parameters in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) and PMN-endothelial cell interactions in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) according to different degrees of severity of the disease. Materials and methods For this cross-sectional study, 182 subjects were divided into four groups according to degree of CP: without CP (n = 37), mild CP (n = 59), moderate CP (n = 51), and severe CP (n = 35). We determined anthropometric and biochemical variables, periodontal parameters, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress parameters (superoxide and mitochondrial membrane potential), and PMN-endothelium cell interactions (rolling flux, velocit…
Studies on the mechanism of PMN activation III. by lymphokines.
1983
The influence of a guinea pig lymphokine preparation on the oxidative metabolism of human and guinea pig granulocytes of various sources was investigated. A dose-dependent increase of the oxidative burst following lymphokine challenge was observed. It occurred in unstimulated guinea pig peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and in prestimulated PMN obtained from the peritoneal cavity after glycogen injection as well. The lymphokine effect on the oxidative metabolism is not species-restricted because the guinea pig lymphokine preparation elicits an oxidative burst in human PMN, too. The increase caused by lymphokines is nearly of the same order of magnitude as that obtained with zymo…